Warring "Vicar of Christ"

When two popes, and later three popes, vied for supremacy, the medieval church entered a dramatic, forty-year crisis of authority.

New book reopens questions on self-denial and "what is lacking in Christ's afflictions."

Luther and Calvin challenged the Catholic church on many key teachings—but not on the doctrine of last things.

Why followers of the Prince of Peace waged war.

The great preachers, planners, and fighters of the Holy Land crusades.

Pope and international diplomat