Near-Earth Objects, Part 3

Low probability, high impact.

Books & Culture May 15, 2013

On February 15, 2013, a fireball exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia, with a force twenty to thirty times larger than the bombing of Hiroshima. It was the largest known asteroid to enter Earth’s atmosphere since the 1908 Tunguska blast over Siberia, yet it had not been detected until entry.

Near-Earth Objects: Finding Them Before They Find Us

Near-Earth Objects: Finding Them Before They Find Us

Princeton University Press

192 pages

$19.95

“The question is not whether an asteroid has Earth’s name on it but rather which one and when?” This sobering sentence opens one chapter of Donald K. Yeomans’ Near-Earth Objects: Finding Them Before They Find Us. Yeomans, a fellow and senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), introduces us to our closest neighbors, the asteroids and comets that approach Earth’s orbit.

Their scientific and mineral value alone is staggering. As Yeomans writes, asteroids are “older than dirt,” offering a window onto the origins of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. Asteroids and comets may have also delivered the organic materials necessary for life on Earth. Further, Yeomans estimates that a single 1km asteroid could yield platinum, nickel, and iron worth $5.5 trillion, more than has been collected over all of human history.

With regard to human life, an asteroid or comet impact is a classic “low probability, high impact” event. While small objects enter the atmosphere (and burn up as shooting stars) every day, the Earth can go millions of years between strikes like the one that killed the dinosaurs. A 1km object, however, would kill billions of people, and a 10km object would likely cause a global extinction event.

Systematic search programs have dramatically increased the rate of discovery of NEOs and lowered the risk of impact. As of 1990, only 134 NEOs had been discovered. Today, more than 8,800 have been identified. No large asteroid yet discovered is likely to impact Earth within the next 200 years, though the asteroid Apophis will pass within the orbits of communication satellites on April 13, 2029.

An object’s path would need to be altered only slightly to transform a catastrophe into a harmless fly-by. Yeomans offers several feasible suggestions for such a mission, but success would depend on early detection and thorough analysis. The worst-case scenario would be a large long-period comet heading toward Earth. Long-period comets are practically invisible until they pass Jupiter, at which point we would have only nine months before a potential impact.

A greater problem could be the political question of who is responsible for coordinating a deflection mission. On October 6, 2008, astronomers at the Minor Planet Center, JPL, and NASA detected a small asteroid that would explode over northern Sudan in less than 12 hours. They suggested that US officials contact the Sudanese government to prevent panic and request permission to collect meteor fragments. Because of a lack of formal relations between the two countries, however, no one in Sudan could be contacted in time.

This meteor exploded harmlessly, but imagine the consequences of a giant fireball over Pyongyang, or the United Nations debate over deploying nuclear weapons in space to deflect an incoming comet. International collaboration among astronomers offers a model for political cooperation, and one hopes that political conflicts won’t prevent us from saving human civilization.

Micheal W. Hickerson lives in Cincinnati, Ohio, and writes regularly for InterVarsity’s Emerging Scholars Blog.

Copyright © 2013 Books & Culture. Click for reprint information.

Pastors

Dallas Willard Changed My Ministry Forever

How I came to see ordinary life, rather than church, as the focus of God’s work.

Leadership Journal May 15, 2013

As a pastor it’s easy to believe that everyone cares about spiritual formation as much as I do. In a community group years ago, I remember rambling on about something our church was beginning and something I, as a pastor at the church, really wanted everyone to understand. I was very excited about it and shared with this group how important all of this was going to be for them. Afterward, as my wife and I recapped the night, she gently said to me, “Chris, you need to remember that you care more about the church than anyone else.”

She was right. I care about the word “missional,” and how often a person interacts with his coworkers about faith. I care about church attendance, reactions to sermon series, and how a person defines “the gospel.” But most people don’t. They care about their kids, their families, their jobs, and their bills. They care about life. And this realization is how Dallas Willard saved my ministry.

Willard didn’t write many books intended for pastors, but most pastors have read his books. He wrote about life–the vast area in which God is working–of which “church ministry” is just a small subset. For example, after a long chapter describing the curriculum for Christlikeness in The Divine Conspiracy, Willard took just over one page for, “Some Practical Points About Implementation—Especially for Pastors” (pg. 371). The final chapter of Renovation of the Heart is, “Spiritual Formation in the Local Congregation,” and is just 20 pages of his 257 page book. Willard’s words were not just for pastors—and not even just for Christians—they were for all of life; our mundane and ever-important life.

He wrote:

“Life, our actual existence, is not included in what is now presented as the heart of the Christian message, or it is included on marginally. This is where we find ourselves today…Transformation of life and character is no part of the [current] redemptive message” (The Divine Conspiracy, page 41).

Before reading Willard, much of my ministry was centered on convincing people to agree with our church and my ideas. I wanted to hear them say the things I said and nod their head when the time was right. But after reading Renovation of the Heart and other articles by Willard, I came to understand that I only knew what people should not do. I knew what Jesus saved them from, but I had no vision for what Jesus had saved us all to.

Willard helped me see that the questions my people were asking had more to do with their lives than my church: How does life with God change my relationship with my family? How does discipleship under Jesus reorient my future plans? Does my faith have anything to do with the people I dislike? How do I say “no” to the guys at work? And why should I? These questions have nothing to do with church teaching campaigns or theological minutia—they have higher stakes; they matter to people who live in the real world, not a church subculture. They are, as Willard would put it, issues of discipleship or non-discipleship.

While other teachers address these practical concerns, Willard went deeper to the place Jesus went in his Sermon on the Mount–the very roots of the human heart. Rather than simply asking What should we do?, Willard asked, Who should we be? He never wrote a book about vocation, but he wrote about hearing the voice of God. He never wrote about calling, but he wrote about discipleship. He never wrote about fatherhood or what it means to live your faith in college, but he wrote about character. He recognized the deeper issues behind all of life’s roles and challenges. Consider his insight about divorce:

“It is not an accident that Jesus deals with divorce after having dealt with anger, contempt, and obsessive desire. Just ask yourself how many divorces would occur…if anger, contempt, and obsessive fantasized desire were eliminated. The answer is, of course, hardly any at all” (The Divine Conspiracy, page 172).

In his teaching Willard often quoted Proverbs 4:23, “Watch over your heart with all diligence, for from it flows the springs of life.” He recognized that God will only change us through non-physical means from the inside out. As Willard said, “The part of us that drives and organizes our life is not physical” (Renovation of the Heart, page 13).

I can read all of the books and blog posts about what makes a good pastor, but the truth is I need not worry about what makes a good pastor if I am a good man. A good man will make a great pastor, not the other way around (Matthew 7:15-20). Because great pastors (or great plumbers, teachers, and doctors for that matter) are not what the world is in need of. We are in need of great people–changed persons who are filled with generosity, courage, and humility.

This is a fraction of what Dallas Willard has taught me in my life. I haven’t even touched his work on the disciplines or on discipleship, all of which were not just helpful, but truly transformed how I viewed the way God works in individuals and communities. He is to thank for these deep realities of existence and I am forever grateful for his life.

Chris Nye is a pastor and writer living in Portland, OR, with his wife, Ali. Connect on Twitter: @chrisnyeChris Nye is a pastor and writer living in Portland, OR, with his wife, Ali. Connect on Twitter: @chrisnye

News

Lawsuit Claiming Church Conspiracy To Conceal Child Abuse Adds More Names and Charges

Sovereign Grace Ministries finds allegations ‘serious, grievous, and difficult to read,’ but says no evidence of cover-up.

Christianity Today May 14, 2013

A controversial lawsuit alleging leaders of Sovereign Grace Ministries conspired to conceal the sexual abuse of children has been amended a second time, adding three more plaintiffs and a large number of graphic claims.

The amended lawsuit makes the stark claim that SGM leaders "conspired, and continue to conspire, to permit sexual deviants to have unfettered access to children for purposes of predation, and to obstruct justice by covering up ongoing and past predation." It alleges that SGM leaders failed to fulfill mandatory reporting obligations, and instead had alleged victims meet with and forgive their abusers.

Five plaintiffs are now using their real names.

SGM responded promptly, stating in part:

The charges in this amended complaint are serious, grievous, and difficult to read. The thought of such alleged abuse is extremely disturbing. Because of our resolve to see truth and justice prevail, we continue to work closely with legal counsel.

Our careful review of the allegations to date has not produced any evidence of any cover-up or conspiracy. If we discover otherwise, our Board will immediately report it to the authorities and see that it is prosecuted to the full extent of the law.

Without minimizing the serious nature of these allegations nor the grievous harm individuals may have experienced, we understand that it is possible for people to be wrongly accused. We thank God for the judicial system where these allegations can be brought, a defense made, and a verdict rendered through a fair and just process.

One of the accused SGM leaders, John Loftness, released his own response, stating in part:

I ask that you keep this in mind as this suit is played out in the public arena: I have never physically or sexually abused a child—at any time, in any place, and in any way. Nor have I ever sought to shield someone I knew to be a pedophile from legal consequences for his actions.

Let us thank God that we live in a country where there is a judicial system which sorts these things out according to the rule of law. Let's pray for a fair hearing of this case and a ruling that is in keeping with what is right and true.

CT will review the amended lawsuit and update as needed.

CT reported when the lawsuit was first filed and added names and charges, as well as SGM's attempt to dismiss it. CT also reported when SGM founder C. J. Mahaney announced his departure from leadership this spring.

The Reenactments

Is mystery ever enough?

Books & Culture May 14, 2013

I was exactly half way through my grad degree, sitting in the audience of my peers’ graduation ceremony. Nick Flynn was giving the commencement speech. Early on, before the audience began fanning themselves with programs, before children started to squirm, Flynn said he writes to get as close to mystery as possible. “Is this enough? Has it ever been enough?” he asked quietly in the June heat.

The Reenactments: A Memoir

The Reenactments: A Memoir

W. W. Norton & Company

320 pages

$15.26

Before picking up Nick Flynn’s new memoir The Reenactments, I wondered how empathetic, how interested I could possibly be in a story such as this, a story about having one’s book and one’s life made into a movie. I’ve never had my life cinematically dramatized (and I doubt that I ever will), so where would I find a shared point of connection? But this is Nick Flynn, I reminded myself—and if reading Flynn has taught me anything, it’s that when we look into the unknown, into the foreign, we see ourselves.

Flynn is the author of several volumes of poetry and memoirs, including his highly acclaimed Another Bullshit Night in Suck City, the memoir on which the 2012 movie Being Flynn is based. The narrative tracks the unfolding relationship between Nick and his father, estranged for most of their lives and meeting again in a homeless shelter. At the time, Nick is employed at the shelter and his father, alcoholic and homeless Jonathan (played by Robert De Niro in the movie), needs a bed. Their developing relationship is uncomfortably anchored in a deafening unsaid: the suicide of Nick’s mother (played by Julianne Moore). This backstory is at the heart of The Reenactments, a book about memory—how it is held, stored, repressed, and how it floats up into our consciousness, pronouncing itself. The Reenactments is about this paradox: memory’s passivity and constant activity. Hence the title. Hence the movie based on the book based on the life, and around again.

Flynn assembles a mosaic comprising story, idea, and memory; again and again, I found myself stepping back, trying to see and understand the whole, while simultaneously being drawn further and further into the story’s subconscious. Two antithetical directions, but one momentum and one energy.

We are often told that memories fade the more frequently we handle them, like delicate but precious fabric. What if the most precious memory is one carrying your mother, before she died? Before she killed herself. How you do handle that—enough to sate, but not so much as to wear out? “It’s hard to rewind your memory to the exact spot that once gave you comfort.” Flynn writes. One of the recurring subjects Flynn explores throughout The Reenactments is the phantom limb as a representation of pain and the anxiety of absence.

Often the movement of the book—from movie scene to thought to memory—is ambiguous. Flynn frequently refers to Robert De Niro as his father and Julianne Moore as his mother. He calls the young actor playing his 11-year-old self his “inner child.” We are tossed in the experience of the film, the book, and the language. We move from reflection to action as seamlessly as a director calling “set,” then “action,” then “cut.”

It’s fitting, then, that Flynn’s chapters are comprised of vignettes illustrating the drama of the fragment. Fragments: done right, and we are offered art that is compelling precisely in its refusal to commit, to settle, to sacrifice itself for clean answers. Such fragments give us something closely resembling life: the day-to-day, illuminated by fleeting moments of revelation. Can a movie depicting life have any authority as “real”? Is that possible? Isn’t a movie just a reflection, a mirror, a film strip, an imitation? But this question can be asked of art more generally. And for that reason, as its own entity, any medium (and Flynn is now experienced in more than a couple) is its own authority. “The real appearing unreal, the unreal appearing real—this is the definition of the uncanny,” writes Flynn.

Often, and blessedly, his language here is as cadent, sparse, and gorgeous as his poetry. “Will these actors, these strangers, replace my family?” Flynn asks at one point. “Will they move in, somehow, push their way inside me, so that I won’t have to tell them a thing. Imitation, according to Plato, distracted people from reality, from truth. Mimesis, to use Plato’s word, creates an alternate reality—through a play, say—which will draw us away, distract us, from the truth of life. Yet mimesis, it would seem, can only come from close attention to the world, and this close attention … is a type of prayer, another (possible) way to escape the cage of ego. To dissolve into something larger.”

If I could attempt a response (“answer” feeling too presumptuous) to Flynn’s question, the one he posed years ago at a small commencement ceremony in the green mountains of Vermont, I think I would say yes, it is enough to merely (merely!) touch one’s skin against mystery, and hope for (in?) the language that results. To “dissolve” could seem utterly hopeless if Flynn didn’t follow it with “something larger.” Though this new memoir loosely chronicles the development of Being Flynn, he is most concerned with memory and loss, and the relationship between the two: “the word inside the word, the emotion inside the emotion. The hinge,” Flynn writes. Highly recommended.

Caitlin Mackenzie’s work has appeared in Fugue, The Colorado Review, and Tipton Poetry Journal, among others. After graduating from the Bennington Writing Seminars she moved to Eugene, Oregon, where she currently works in book publishing.

Copyright © 2013 Books & Culture. Click for reprint information.

News

IRS Intimidated Billy Graham Evangelistic Association and Samaritan’s Purse with Unfair Audits?

(UPDATED) So claims Franklin Graham in a letter to President Barack Obama.

Christianity Today May 14, 2013

Update (May 21): Religion News Service has compiled a running list of religious organizations that all say they were inappropriately targeted by the IRS.

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Update (May 16): The Southern Baptist state newspaper that sparked the recent Chick-fil-A same-sexmarriagecontroversy, as well as pro-life advocates, are also claiming to have been targeted by the IRS audits.

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Franklin Graham complained to President Barack Obama today that IRS agents unfairly audited his two ministries, the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) and Samaritan’s Purse, in an attempt to intimidate them after the BGEA ran controversial election ads in Billy Graham’s name.

In a letter, Franklin Graham claims that the IRS’s acknowledgedinappropriate targeting of groups with “tea party” and other conservative buzzwords in their names–a scandal which continues to snowball–extended to Christian and Jewish groups.

Both the BGEA and Samaritan’s Purse passed the audits and retained their tax-exempt status. But Franklin Graham says the audits, which “wasted” ministry time and money, were not “coincidence” or “justifiable.”

The Charlotte Observer, among many outlets, has posted the full text of the letter.

In the wake of the 2012 ads, CT gathered reactions from Billy Graham’s biographer, spokesperson, and historian to address the question: Has Billy Graham has suddenly turned political?

News

Gleanings: June 2013

Important developments in the church and the world.

Warren suicide sparks advocacy

Few knew that Rick Warren's youngest son, Matthew, had a lifelong struggle with mental illness until the 27-year-old committed suicide in April. The tragedy prompted a national discussion, and evangelical leaders—including Rebekah Lyons, Ann Voskamp, Sheila Walsh, and Frank Page—talked personally about their or their loved ones' battles with depression and suicide. Meanwhile, the Warrens launched a public fund in Matthew's honor to combat mental illness.

WEA weighs in on 'Son of God' debate

Bible translations that avoid the phrase "Son of God" have proven successful among Muslims. They also prompted the three-million-member Assemblies of God to threaten a boycott of Wycliffe Bible translators unless it ended the practice. (The Presbyterian Church in America did the same.) Wycliffe asked the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA) to referee the debate. In April, a panel of experts released 10 recommendations on how to translate familial terms for the Trinity. It said translators should choose "the most suitable words in light of the semantics of the target language." For example, use "qualifying words" such as "heavenly father" for God and "eternal Son" for Jesus.

Sudan says no more new churches

SUDAN Citing stagnant attendance and abandoned buildings, the Sudanese government will no longer issue licenses to Christian churches. "The existing ones can accommodate worshipers," said an official. Churches in Khartoum and other northern cities have seen attendance drop as many worshipers have migrated south (not all by choice) since 2011. But Christian Solidarity Worldwide says freedom to worship in Sudan is under attack, reporting 55 anti-Christian incidents in February alone.

School vouchers win big

The Indiana Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the state's school voucher program—the most expansive in the nation—is constitutional. The program provides public assistance for low-income children to attend private institutions; however, opponents label it "a backhanded method of funding religious activity," because nearly all of its taxpayer dollars have been directed toward religious schools. The court approved the vouchers because state funds "directly benefit lower-income families" rather than the schools themselves.

Funeral attacked at top Coptic church

EGYPT A riot during an April funeral at Cairo's most prominent church, St. Mark's Cathedral, reignited sectarian tensions in Egypt. The deadly weekend—which killed 6 and injured more than 90—marked the worst violence against Christians since the election of President Mohamed Morsi in 2012. Meanwhile, the Associated Press reported a "wave of kidnappings" by Islamists in Minya, the Egyptian province with the densest population of Christians.

Fighting human trafficking with fashion

The next fashion trend could be marked by a very different kind of label. The President's Advisory Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships released its first "call to action," a 36-page report on how to combat human trafficking. Recommendations include a global fund (similar to the successful PEPFAR) to fight trafficking, as well as a proposed labeling system that would identify consumer goods not produced using slave labor.

Terrorists pledge to defend Christians

NIGERIA Christians targeted by Boko Haram Islamists have gained an unexpected defender: another Nigerian militant group. the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), known for its violence in the oil-rich Niger Delta, pledged that attacks against mosques and Muslims "in defense of Christianity" would begin May 31 unless Boko Haram leaders promised a "cessation of hostilities." Meanwhile, Jubilee Campaign released a report claiming that 70 percent of Christians killed for their faith worldwide in 2012 were in Nigeria.

Oklahoma bans religious laws—again

In April, the Oklahoma State Senate approved a bill that bans courts from applying any foreign or religious laws—and supporters hope the bill is constitutional. Oklahoma's first and groundbreaking attempt to bar such laws failed in 2010 because it unfairly targeted Islam's Shari'ah law. Since then, however, five other states have approved bans on religious laws, and 32 states have introduced similar bills. The most successful bills use language that applies to all religions.

Should Christian teachers get unemployment?

Many Christian teachers in Arizona could become ineligible for unemployment benefits if a new bill becomes law. The state's Department of Economic Security decided last year that religious schools and childcare centers that claim education tax breaks could not exempt themselves from paying taxes for their teachers and daycare workers. The reason? Despite the schools' religious nature, religion is not their primary mission. However, Arizona House Bill 2645 would allow religious organizations to claim both the educational tax break and a religious exemption. This in turn would bar dismissed teachers from receiving unemployment. The bill's supporters say it returns things to the status quo.

Equal rights for vegans and Christians

UNITED KINGDOM Vegans and environmentalists should receive the same special treatment in British workplaces as Christians. So say new guidelines from Great Britain's Equality and Human Rights Commission. It states that a protected belief "should be serious, genuinely and sincerely held" and recommends that employers allow workers to discuss and demonstrate those beliefs. The recommendation followed several rulings by the European Court of Human Rights where 3 of 4 Christians lost their appeals for free religious expression at work.

Christians fear cult ban

SRI LANKA An attempt to prevent the spread of cults in Sri Lanka could impact the ministries of evangelical churches in the island nation. A proposed law that would "take action against anyone distorting the original teachings" of Christianity (as well as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam) might sound helpful, given evangelical concern for orthodoxy. But Barnabas Aid said authorities would likely label evangelical churches, which are unrecognized by Sri Lanka, as cults.

Sweden sends Christians back to Iran

SWEDEN Sweden may be one of the most secular countries in Europe, but it offers a safer haven for immigrant converts to Christianity than their home countries in the Middle East. However, the Scandinavian nation has begun denying religious refugee status to Iranian Christians, threatening to extradite them. Applicants complain that immigration judges don't understand the risks converts face back home in Iran, but officials say the applicants are not always able to show evidence of conversion, which disqualifies them.

Church sues police over rock music

A Michigan church has been granted the right to sue police over investigations into its loud music. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Faith Baptist Church in Waterford Township had a "reasonable fear" that one police officer's threats of prosecution would have a chilling effect on the church's "speech, free exercise of religion, and freedom of association." The unlikely first Amendment–related case arose back in 2008, when police investigated complaints of loud, contemporary music at the church during its Wednesday night youth service.

Special-needs orphans gain celebrity allies

Two Christian music and football giants are partnering off their respective fields. Steven Curtis Chapman's orphan-care ministry, Show Hope, announced in April that it will partner with the Tim Tebow Foundation (TTF) to assist families who desire to adopt special-needs children but require additional financial assistance. The initial grants provided by TTF will sponsor 10 to 14 families this year, awarding $7,000 to $10,000 per family.

News

Home Improvement Meets the Gospel

How two co-founders of the home-supply store TreeHouse infuse their business with environmentally sound faith.

This Is Our City May 14, 2013

Austin, Texas—with its "Keep Austin Weird" motto emblazoned on locals' t-shirts and bumper stickers—is ground zero for a green-building revolution, due in no small part to nearby University of Texas, hipster culture, and a booming technology startup scene. The self-proclaimed "live music capitol of the world" will also be the second U.S. city to get Google Fiber, an Internet-cable plan that Google promises to be 100 times faster than today's standard broadband.

The culturally liberal enclave in a vast red state might not be the first city that comes to mind when you imagine the future of Christianity. But when you're trying to figure out what God is up to, "weird" is a good place to look. And maybe the weirdest thing about Austin is not the Google Fiber streaming in its front door, but rather the treehouse in its backyard.

Just off of U.S. highway 290 in South Austin sits TreeHouse, a home improvement supply store for "smart building and better living," specializing in environmentally conscious installations that save energy.

Since opening in 2011 and seeing $3 million in sales so far, TreeHouse is one indicator that providing homeowners with more energy-efficient and sustainable products may be a business model as economical as it is ecological.

And biblical.

TreeHouse began in 2007 in Frisco, Colorado, as Evan Loomis and Jason Ballard, two of the original five co-founders of TreeHouse, found themselves sitting in a micro-brewery instead of skiing, hatching a plan to create the Whole Foods of Home Depot.

Loomis and Ballard had been looking for something like TreeHouse ever since their days at Texas A&M University, when they became close friends in the Aggie's Men's Club, sort of a purpose-driven frat house.

"Some of us are doctors, some have gone on to formal ministry, but we all shared this conviction that we didn't want to waste our life," says Ballard.

After graduation, Ballard took his biology degree and worked in sustainable buildings, while Loomis took his finance degree to Wall Street. But in Colorado, they stumbled upon an idea that married their experience and passions to a great need.

Ballard believes the way Americans currently build and maintain their homes uses too many natural resources and is detrimental to our health. Loomis was simply jazzed about the numbers.

"From a business standpoint, it was an incredible idea," said Loomis. "Apparel had Patagonia. Grocery had Whole Foods. But home improvement was pretty bland. No one was doing anything meaningful for health and sustainability."

The foundation of the TreeHouse business model is extending "Common Grace for Common Good." Ballard, an Anglican (Loomis calls himself "Anglican friendly"), is confronted by the obligation expressed throughout the Anglican liturgy to reach out to the surrounding community.

"If you are praying out the liturgy, the idea of the common good is always there. It haunts you," he says.

Planting Deep Roots

If the TreeHouse mission statement, the "Roots" document, reads a bit like a manifesto, that's because it functions as one. Each of the document's tenets was prayerfully developed to reflect a core element of the gospel, and then is ordered by importance.

The first tenet, People Matter, is a message at the heart of the biblical narrative. Next, that care must radiate to communities and, after that, nature. Only with these three in place can TreeHouse hope to accomplish the fourth element: a commitment to deliver products and services that are truly excellent, that do not harm in the process of helping.

Finally, Dreams Matter. "It comes at the end for a reason," said Ballard. Dreams, of all the pieces of the Roots document, points to living in the hope of the return of Christ.

Loomis and Ballard recite a little axiom to remember their mission. It's a simple string of verbs that sounds like a conjugation exercise: was, is, ought-to-be, and will-be, a way of rehearsing the biblical narrative.

Living out that storyline is what for Ballard and Loomis makes TreeHouse deeply Christian. "If the Resurrection is true, it should influence how we live and behave toward everything," says Ballard.

Loomis and Ballard compare their approach to faith-informed business with other approaches by alluding to C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien: Both authors approached their work with deep Christian motives, but Lewis crafted an explicitly Christian allegory in the Chronicles of Narnia, whereas Tolkien wrote the Lord of the Rings as a non-allegorical work yet one still pervaded by Christlike characters and themes.

Loomis and Ballard have even adopted a Tolkein-esque nickname for one of their mentors, Steven Garber, founder of the Washington Institute for Faith, Vocation & Culture. "If you want to engage the arts of culture or anything, he's your Gandalf."

Garber has consulted with Fortune 500 companies, but says the principles of biblical stewardship and sustainability apply just at well to anyone opening a hamburger joint. In fact, the former chairman of the Washington Institute, Hans Hess, did just that with Elevation Burger in 2005.

"Hans is making eschatological hamburgers," says Garber. Everything from the way the cattle are raised to the quality of the ingredients to the way Hess treats his staff points to the way life under Christ's reign ought to be. Garber likewise challenged TreeHouse to do business in light of redemption.

"What does it mean to build with materials that don't cost us things?" said Garber. "Maximizing profit is not sustainable; you have to be concerned about profits and people and the planet at the same time." For Garber, this is what it means to reflect the gospel in a way that points to Christ. "Evan and Jason aren't trying to get someone to sign the Nicene Creed in order to buy lumber," says Garber.

Answering these questions has had an undeniable, and sometimes dramatic, effect on TreeHouse patrons. One patron recently entered TreeHouse wearing a disposable face mask. After a timid few minutes, she slowly took the mask off and immediately asked to speak to the owners.

"I want to thank you because I can breathe in here." The patron was unable to shop in most stores because of her extremely high chemical sensitivity. The absence of those toxins is precisely what made TreeHouse a haven for her.

Clear Air for the Common Good

But the absence of toxins is like the absence of sickness: You hardly think about them until they interfere with your life. Ballard's wife was diagnosed with cancer in February 2012. A year later, his daughter had a series of unexplainable epileptic seizures. While the cause of such ailments is so often a mystery, Ballard can't help wondering if the toxins in building materials play some destructive role.

At the least, Ballard and other environmental experts know that buildings use more energy than any other single element in human society (including the often-maligned SUVs and nuclear power plants). According to the U.S. Green Building Council, buildings account for an astonishing proportion of CO2 emissions, nearly 40 percent, as well as 72 percent of all electricity consumption. According to the U.S. Energy Information Agency, buildings—residential and commercial—accounted for more than 30 percent of all energy consumption last year.

That means that when it comes to strategizing for how to steward resources, buildings jump to the top of the list. Austin happens to be a particularly great place to strategize. And TreeHouse's leaders were recently asked to help dream of a more sustainable future.

The University of Texas in Austin recently approached TreeHouse for help with a publicly funded research project called the Pecan Street Project. A partnership between the City of Austin, Austin Energy (the municipality's provider), the University of Texas, the Austin Technology Incubator, the Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce and Environmental Defense Fund, Pecan Street is an ongoing effort to establish a sustainable energy grid in a South Austin community.

Pecan Street invited TreeHouse to help study participants change their energy consumption habits. To do that, Ballard went to the homes of people that he would never have had the opportunity to meet otherwise. On one consultation, Ballard talked over coffee about sustainable energy, then life, and then his wife's cancer. All of a sudden, a publicly funded study offered the chance to relationally advance the common good. "I don't think people have that experience at Lowe's," said Ballard.

And if Austin is a prime location for TreeHouse, Loomis and Ballard couldn't have picked a much better time, either. Austin happens to be the fastest-growing city of more than 1 million people in the United States. The director of Austin Energy, the largest public energy supplier, has approached TreeHouse to host a radio show about how homeowners can save money using fewer resources. Austin's economic interest in ecology is understandable: With a population boom, the region will inevitably look for more power, possibly building nuclear power plants that cost billions of dollars and add sizable tax burdens to citizens. But if existing Austinites learn to conserve, those costs can be delayed.

Cost avoidance is a great benefit to cities. But Ballard thinks first about sickness avoidance. "I can't prove that toxins caused my wife's cancer, or that pollutants caused my daughter's epilepsy. But I know that some peoples' [sicknesses] are. If there's one less father who has to watch his daughter have seizures . . ." Ballard doesn't finish, leaving the expected phrase it will all be worth it unspoken. Maybe the phrase sounds trite compared to what he is trying to do with TreeHouse. Or maybe he just refuses to label TreeHouse as heroic when he's only trying to obey Christ.

"He'll never be able to thank me," he says instead.

But that is the nature of Common Grace for Common Good: Things are better, sometimes without us even knowing it.

Bret Mavrich is a technology journalist based in Kansis City. He blogs at BretMavrich.com.

News

Nigeria Declares Emergency Rule as Christians Debate Amnesty for Boko Haram Islamists

(UPDATED) Controversial proposal to end terror campaign creates another faultline for Christians in Africa’s most-populous nation.

Christianity Today May 14, 2013
Pius Utomi Ekpei / AFP / Getty

Nigerian Protestants and Catholics are largely divided over a government proposal to grant amnesty to members of Boko Haram, the violent Islamist sect whose attacks and suicide bombings have killed more than 4,000 people and destroyed hundreds of churches in northern Nigeria since 2009.

Labeling recent attacks as a "declaration of war," President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a state of emergency in three of Nigeria's northeastern states (full text). More military troops will be sent to Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states, believed to be the strongholds of the sect, though the Associated Press notes "a similar effort [previously] failed to stop the bloodshed."

The same day, the Borno state leader of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), Pentecostal pastor Faye Pama Musa, was killed by suspected Boko Haram members. (Morning Star News offers more details.)

The declaration was widely applauded by many, with CAN describing it as long overdue. One of Nigeria's top Anglican leaders, Nicholas Okoh, is among those that oppose the emergency powers, urging the government to host a national dialogue instead. "The federal government had tried this emergency rule in other parts of the country but it didn't work," he told Nigerian reporters at a press conference. "There is need for Nigerians to talk about how they want to live together."

Though the West African nation's military continues to engage the insurgents in fierce gun battles, the bombings have remained unabated, forcing northern leaders to demand a political solution to the crisis.

In 2008, Nigeria granted amnesty to militants in the oil-rich Niger Delta who violently protested the environmental degradation and neglect of their communities. The deal ended hostilities and restored peace in the region, swelling oil production in Africa's most-populous nation.

Northern leaders now argue a similar gesture should be extended to Boko Haram members in order to achieve lasting peace. (Meanwhile, the militants in the Niger Delta have made Boko Haram their next target.)

In response, the government has created a 26-man committee charged with developing a plan for amnesty in exchange for disarmament within the coming months.

But the plan has suffered several blows that dent its workability. Two prominent members of the committee—human rights activist Shehu Sani and Supreme Council of Shari'ah leader Ahmed Datti—turned down membership, citing insincerity by the government and failure to follow previous peace agreements with sect members. Meanwhile, Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau also declined the offer, claiming it was Nigeria and not the sect that need amnesty.

Many Christians fear amnesty is being used as a tool to appease aggrieved northern political leaders ahead of presidential elections in 2015. President Goodluck Jonathan, a Christian from Nigeria's predominantly Christian south, is believed to be dependent on votes from Nigeria's predominantly Muslim north for his re-election. (CT has regularly reported on Nigeria's Christian-Muslim divide.)

Broadly speaking, Pentecostal Christian leaders consider amnesty for Boko Haram unacceptable (favoring stronger responses), while their Catholic counterparts believe the option should be embraced.

Earlier this year, the Catholic Secretariat of Nigeria suspended relations with the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) at the national level over its approach to peacemaking as well as its alleged romance with the federal government. The disagreement on amnesty further strains relations within the nation's apex Christian organization.

CAN president Ayo Oritsejafor has described the proposed amnesty for insurgents as wickedness. He argues it is wrong to forgive killers when their victims have not been compensated.

Bassey Josef, general overseer of God's Heritage Church Calabar, agrees. "Amnesty is not forgiveness," he said. "Dangling amnesty as a carrot before [Islamists] will not do. What the government needs to do is to flush them out like it has done elsewhere."

But John Onaiyekan, the Catholic archbishop of Abuja, disagrees. He believes amnesty will bring about peace in Nigeria's troubled north. "Even if we fight them militarily for years, we would still have to have dialogue," he said. "Dialogue, not violence, is what ends wars everywhere in the world."

Matthew Kukah, the Catholic archbishop of Sokoto, also supports the proposed amnesty. "I believe amnesty will resolve whatever grievance Boko Haram members have against the state," he said.

By contrast, Jeremiah Gado, general overseer of the Evangelical Church Winning All, a prominent Pentecostal denomination, frowns at what he terms attempts to sacrifice justice on the altar of peace.

"Even God does not forgive a sinner until he confesses and repents," said Gado. "Boko Haram believes it has done nothing wrong. So why force amnesty down their throats?" He said amnesty for the sect will amount to "rewarding violence and punishing restraint on the parts of Christians who have suffered most directly from the attacks."

Gideon Para-Mallam, regional secretary of the International Federation of Evangelical Students, agrees that Christians should forgive their worst offenders. However, he points out that "certain normal procedures that should precede amnesty"—such as determining the actual demands of Boko Haram and whether achievable compromises exist—have not been followed.

"Pursuing amnesty without first addressing the plight of victims of Boko Haram attacks," he said, "remains a dangerous political journey."

You Can’t Buy Your Way to Social Justice

Why the activism of some fellow Americans scares me.

This Is Our City May 14, 2013

I'm afraid of some American Christians.

I am an American, but I haven't lived in the United States in a while. I live in Djibouti, a country in the Horn of Africa, and when you pick me up at the Minneapolis airport, I might invite you to coffee and suggest the wrong place—you know, one that doesn't serve fair-trade coffee. I will arrive wearing the wrong jeans—ones sold by companies that don't offer fair wages. And I won't use the right vocabulary—the language used by Western bloggers to talk about social justice.

I've spent more than a decade living among the wealthy and the poor and the uneducated and the doctoral students and Christians and Muslims. I'm trying to figure out how to love radically like Jesus and how to be radically in love with Jesus in a place with 60 percent unemployment, where the oldest university recently turned 13, and where 99.99 percent of nationals don't look like me, talk like me, think like me, or worship like me.

But I haven't read up on fair-trade coffee or researched human trafficking statistics or purchased fair-wage clothing. Partly, I haven't had time. Partly, I haven't had opportunity. My green coffee beans come from an Ethiopian woman on the side of the street. My beef was roaming Main Street yesterday. My clothes are whatever I could fit in a suitcase. I don't know the right way to talk about gender injustice, even though I talk with friends about female genital cutting in everyday conversations.

It used to be that people returned from humanitarian or faith-based work overseas with dowdy haircuts and last decade's fashion. Now, I'm afraid I will come back and not know foundational things like what or where to eat. I won't know where to shop to update my outdated wardrobe. I may very well be judged as wasteful for taking a long, hot shower (for the first time in two years).

And so some American Christians scare me. Passionate blog posts about offensive words like "the voiceless" and beautiful photos of homemade clothing and inspiring essays about living off the land inspire me to make more informed choices. But they also make me nervous about my ignorance after years of being outside this milieu and evolving language. They leave me with a pressing question and, at the same time, provide part of the answer.

Remembering Risk

If my generation cares so deeply about global issues of justice and poverty that they are willing to change eating, clothing, and living habits, where are they? A significant challenge for nonprofits and ministries remains recruiting people who will commit to serve long-term outside the United States.

I know there are a plethora of good reasons that concerned American Christians can't just uproot and leave the States, from family to health to finances. I know I simplify. But I have a theory about what is partly contributing to the dearth of young Americans willing to spend their lives on behalf of others.

They think they already are.

They think that with their pocketbooks and food choices alone, by sewing their own clothes and purchasing fair-trade coffee, by boycotting Wal-Mart and preaching that as gospel, they have already done their part to address global injustices.

In Nicholas Kristof's documentary Half the Sky, actress Meg Ryan also thought she was doing her part to highlight child trafficking in Cambodia, but then declines to go on a brothel raid. She says she doesn't have the "adventure" gene. I appreciate her honesty. I have less appreciation for her ignorance. What did she think fighting sex trafficking would be like, if not going to brothels themselves? Her reticence is symbolic of goodhearted people who have forgotten about risk.

Buying fair-trade coffee, boycotting Gap jeans, and eating only organic vegetarian foods can be important and valuable decisions. They cost time, money, comfort, and an established worldview. But they cannot be the end of our response to the deeply systemic and complex issues that allow human suffering to persist the world over. They don't require risk.

But these things do: Moving your family across the nation, to the inner city, or to the other side of the globe. Letting juvenile delinquents play basketball in your church gym. Inviting pot-smokers and pregnant teenagers to Thanksgiving dinner. Letting a homeless man get in your car.

The Good Samaritan wasn't good because of the origins of his food or because he sewed his own tunic or because he moved to Canaan. Instead, he looked around him, around where he lived and worked and traveled, saw a human in need, and got involved. He gave up time, money, and most likely status and respect in doing so. As he went about his day, perhaps commuting on the dusty roads between two meetings for a high-powered job, he loved someone.

This kind of direct, relational service is risky because it involves people made in the image of God. People about whom Jesus says, "Whatever you did for one of the least of these, you did for me." The Jesus who says, "Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends."

Consumer activism comes with the inherent danger of separating us from the very people we want to serve. To buy fair trade coffee, for example, we might need to drive across town instead of sitting in the corner café where people in our neighborhood mingle. We can buy that fair trade coffee and never know the family in Burundi who grew, harvested, washed, and roasted the beans. And still we can feel that have done our part.

Whether in a rural, urban, suburban neighborhood or among coffee farmers in Burundi or among university students in Djibouti, we must not forget that the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating or drinking—or ultimately of moving from one place to another—but of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit. We must remember that

"The purpose of eating more healthfully is not because it will change global food systems or politics or social structure, but because it allows us the health and energy to live life to the full, i.e., be co-creators with God in a beloved and merciful community that includes all humanity- regardless of where they shop for food or what they eat." So says Shoshon Tama-Sweet, who is featured in Christianity Today for his work fighting child sex trafficking in Portland, Oregon (and who, for full disclosure, is my brother-in-law).

Tama-Sweet is a man who loves as he goes, who doesn't mask the aftershocks of living and loving with risk. It affects his marriage and parenting, his faith. He shares how God meets him in the broken places of himself and his city because Jesus also said, "I will be with you."

While remaining passionate and continuing to gently educate the ignorant (like me!) about how our purchases affect the world, we also need to ask whether current trends are becoming a convenient excuse not to delve into the complexities of social justice. We need to ask whether our consumer choices distort the words of Jesus, and whether they help us enter relationships or separate us from others.

As Matthew Lee Anderson notes in his recent CT cover story, Christians begin to fulfill the command to love our neighbor as ourselves "not when we do something radical, extreme, over the top, not when we're really spiritual or really committed or really faithful, but when in the daily ebb and flow of life, in our corporate jobs, in our middle-class neighborhoods, on our trips to Yellowstone and Disney World . . . we stop to help those whom we meet in everyday life, reaching out in quiet, practical, and loving ways."

While it is practical and loving to use our purchasing power to make wise choices, let us also consider how to be actively involved with the people in our communities. By laying down more than our fashion and our tastes, laying down more than our judgment of those who eat and dress differently.

By laying down our lives.

Rachel Pieh Jones has written for The New York Times, FamilyFun, Literary Mama, Brain, Child, Running Times, Relevant, and EthnoTraveler. She is a regular contributor to SheLoves and A Life Overseas, and she blogs at Djiboutijones.com about being an expatriate, development work, faith, family, running, and writing.

Pastors

Jesus Is the Worst Superhero Ever

But he’s also the hero that we need.

Leadership Journal May 14, 2013

If you woke up and the world had been transformed into a super-nerd dystopia where a demigod-Patton Oswalt forced you to choose only the best superhero to preserve from 100 years of American comics, you would choose Superman.

Sure, the more educated nerd-palate prefers a hero who is less of a boy-scout. (Batman is my pick.) After all, Superman is a little goody-goody. He ALWAYS does the right thing. He has the most complete set of powers: flight, x-ray vision, super strength, etc. He’s invincible, except for the whole kryptonite thing.

You would not tell demigod-Patton Oswalt that the ideal superhero for cultural preservation was Jesus Christ. Being honest, Jesus is actually a terrible superhero. Even if you give him the whole walking-on-water and miraculous healing thing, that doesn’t give you much to work with when Lex Luthor decides to blow up the sun or Darkseid starts a zombie apocalypse. Apart from the Ascension, Jesus can’t even fly. So there’s nothing he can do about the whole exploding sun fiasco. And re: the zombie apocalypse? Can he go around healing the zombies? No, no no. That’s not going to help. They will make more zombies. Someone has to stop Luthor and Darkseid. Someone needs to strap them to a meteor and toss them out into space. At least in the comic books, that will solve the problem.

Even if you narrow your scope to Biblical heroes Jesus isn’t the coolest from a nerd’s point of view. Sampson is probably the best biblical hero. He’s at least got super strength. I could see David having a spin-off giant killing mini-series that would connect with the right demographic. But Jesus never kills any giants. He doesn’t bust open heads with a donkey’s jaw-bone. When he gets the chance to do something big in front of a crowd, he just makes lunch. I guess he could open a catering business but that’s not going to stop invading hoards of Philistines.

Most Christians are familiar with the Messianic expectation of the Hebrew people. It’s not that the Messiah for God’s people wasn’t supposed to be awesome. He was. Before Jesus showed up people were anticipating someone who could single-handedly take down the Roman empire. The Messiah was supposed to be “bad ass.”

The problem is, Jesus is not “bad ass.”

Jesus, according to Paul (in a totally anti-climatic origin story), gave up his cool powers and humbled himself to the position of a slave. Not even a cool “Django Unchained” slave. A plain old slave with nothing. No place to sleep. No power. All Jesus had was complete dependence upon God the Father.

And dependence is a terrible super power.

Dependence will get you killed

Dependence will get you killed. In fact, it did get Jesus killed. And here is another way Jesus fails both the Superhero and the Messiah test. Good heroes in both American comic books and Jewish folk stories do not get killed … at least not without taking a bunch of bad guys with them. But Jesus didn’t take down a single Roman on his way to the cross. He fixed one guy’s ear. So he’s like “-1” on the killing bad guys score board.

But the expectations were still there. When Peter, James, John and the rest woke up that Saturday morning after Jesus died they must have felt like Superman died. And not just because Jesus was literally dead. But because he didn’t turn out to have any power. He never even tried to fight back.

We know the story well. Sunday morning the grave was empty. And as the day wore on, Jesus himself appeared. He was alive again. Not in a cheap marketing we-killed-the-hero-to-get-readershipdeath of Superman” way. He was alive in a way no one had ever been alive before. Alive in a broke-the-chains-of-sin-and-death way. Alive in a way that gives life to the world. Alive not to himself but to God. Alive in a fullness of dependence upon the greatest power the world has ever known, the love of God the Father. The love that through Christ the Word created and sustains the cosmos. The love that knew our suffering, that endured hatred and scorn and even death so that nothing, neither a zombie plague nor an exploding sun, neither an alien invasion nor a death ray could separate us from God.

And that is fantastic news. Superman might be able to save the world over and over again, but we will never be Superman. His glory is everything we are not. He makes for a great comic hero, but a weak role model.

But we can be like Jesus. It is promised that we will be like Jesus. We can learn to be totally dependent upon the love of our Father God. We can live the life of the resurrection now, and in the future. Jesus has given us a new way to be alive. And that new alive starts the minute we decide to not be like Superman anymore, rushing from one collapsing part of our universe to the other to maintain stability and order with our own strength, and become completely dependent upon the love of God.

Hanging on to Superman

But we love our superheroes. Not so deep down, we want Jesus to be like Superman. We want it badly because we know that as Christ is, we shall be, and we want to be like Superman. We are much more comfortable being a member of God’s rescue mission to the world like some sort of theological Justice League than we are being a broken people who grow not in power but in desperation for Jesus.

Those of us who preach and teach can easily slip into making Jesus a superhero. We want to give our congregations practical suggestions for navigating the zombie apocalypse of their spiritual lives. We want to tell them about the spiritual disciplines as if they are sanctified super powers for defeating the world, the flesh and the Devil. Sometimes we do this out of a sense of love and sometimes we do this because we want people to depend on us more. Being honest, when it comes to Christian ministry, we’d rather be Superman than Jesus.

We perpetuate the myth of the Christian superhero every time we become convinced that the world, my friends, my church, or my country need saving again and I’m the one who can do it. We reinforce the myth of our own superpowers when we tell people that the key to saving the world is not God’s unpredictable and mysterious love through weakness, but three foolproof steps that anyone can take.

And this will always fail. Giving people anything but deeper dependence upon Jesus will create pride masked with holy intention. It will create hard hearts, boldly advancing the gospel of strength, power, and empty morality. It will mutate us until we cannot receive the love of the Father.

We need to be ok with being bad superheroes … and great followers of Jesus. We need to grow daily in our desperation for the “weak” savior Jesus and teach others to do the same. We need to remember that we aren’t following Superman in trying to save the world; we are following Jesus in learning how to depend on God more and more.

In doing this, I think we’ll find that Christ’s weakness is stronger than we think, and that even though he is not the hero we deserve, he’s the hero that we deeply need.

Lane Severson blogs at The Guilty Conscience. He is involved in lay leadership at Church of the Resurrection in Wheaton, IL. He spends the rest of his time changing the diapers of his five children with his wife.

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