News

The World’s Top Church-Destroying Countries

A few countries give China, where a campaign to de-Christianize city skylines continues, some competition.

Kremlin churches

Kremlin churches

Christianity Today August 5, 2014
Wikimedia Commons

Inside the Kremlin, Russian President Vladimir Putin plans to rebuild two monasteries and a church torn down by Stalin about 85 years ago. But as Russia rebuilds churches with one hand, with the other it's been knocking them down.

While a campaign in China to de-Christianize city skylines has drawn the most international attention this summer, Pew Research Center recently calculated the world's 34 countries with the most government destruction of religious property (as of 2012). Three countries topped the list, with 100 or more incidents: China, Russia, and Tajikistan.

Overall, government damage to religious property occurs most often in the Middle East and North Africa, while in the Asia-Pacific region, 16 of 60 countries had government infringement on their property, according to Pew.

Some countries are systematic, others sporadic. Tajikistan, for example, topped the 2012 list because its government shut down more than 100 mosques due to improper documentation.

Open Doors has also calculated the destruction of Christian property in light of religious violence around the world. Between the months of November 2012 and March 2014, the persecution watchdog found that 3,641 churches and Christian properties were destroyed.

The four hardest-hit countries: Nigeria (with 1,539 cases, Egypt (with 829 cases), Pakistan (with 217 cases), and Syria (with 207 cases). Syria and Egypt lined up in Pew's second-tier ranking of countries with 10 to 99 cases of religious property damage, while Nigeria and Egypt were in Pew's third-tier ranking, with one to nine cases reported.

Conversely, Tajikistan ranks No. 45 among the 50 countries where it's hardest to be a Christian, while China ranks No. 37 and Russia does not rank.

Open Doors's tally includes houses and Christians' personal property, as small factions often create chaos by targeting Christian property. One unexpected discovery of the group's survey of religious violence was that South American countries such as Colombia and Mexico—countries that don't even rank among the top 50 worst places of persecution—have high rates of church property damage. Colombia had 177 cases and Mexico had 36 during the latest reporting period.

According to Ronald Boyd-MacMillan, chief strategy officer for Open Doors, this indicates that religious violence is more a product of state factions, rather than the overall state itself. "Violence—while it is an important form of persecution—is also used to try to create a deeper form of persecution, creating a situation where the apparatus of the state is used to control and dominate the church," he said.

Wenzhou's Sanjiang Church
Wenzhou’s Sanjiang Church

The other countries rounding out Open Doors' top 10 list for religious violence were the Central African Republic, India, Kenya, and Iraq, all with less than 100 incidents of Christian property destruction.

CT recently reported on how China has been lifting high the cross (right off 60-plus churches) in cities where Christians are concentrated, including the destruction of an eight-story megachurch. Such incidents continue: Church members managed to prevent police from removing one cross, though dozens of people were injured.

One Chinese pastor even locked himself in the tower of his church this July on a hunger strike against the destruction of churches. Zhan Yingsheng, pastor of the Salvation Church, claimed in an open letter that Chinese subordinates compete with each other for the number of crosses they get taken down, in order to gain favor from their superiors.

Baixi Church
Baixi Church

"Whenever I see this, my heart bleeds," he wrote. "That's why I've decided today to go live in the clock tower under the cross of the church to pray and to fast with my Bible and hymns."

Meanwhile, Sudan also gained some attention for its crackdown on churches in light of the closely watched apostasy case of Meriam Ibrahim. CT noted how the African nation recently reaffirmed its church-building ban as well as demolished a few existing ones. However, Sudan ranks low on Pew's list, with only one to nine incidents of religious property damage in 2012.

CT regularly reports on church demolitions and attacks, including a devastating church bombing in Peshawar, Pakistan, and a grenade attack on Kenya churches. Conversely, CT also noted how one of Europe's poorest countries was building a new church every three days.

Testimony

Death, Resurrection, and Carlton Fisk’s World Series Home Run

His famous 1975 homerun used to define my grief. Now it marks my longing for heaven.

Christianity Today August 5, 2014
Harry Cabluck / AP

On Tuesday, October 21, 1975, Carlton Fisk of the Boston Red Sox hit a homerun in the bottom of the 12th to win Game Six of the World Series. A rat was perched on the leg of the centerfield cameraman. Instead of following the ball, the cameraman stayed on home plate as Fisk watched the ball fly toward the left field pole, waving his arms as if to keep the ball fair. As the ball hit the pole, Fisk jumped with his arms extended, the crowd cheering in the background.

ESPN named Fisk's homerun the sixth greatest homerun of all time. It has been shown hundreds of times since. I hate that homerun.

On Friday, October 17, 1975, four days prior, my mother died. She was 43; I was 12. My brothers were all teenagers, and my sister was 9. I was asleep Saturday morning when my father entered my room and opened all the blinds. He sat on my bed and told me Mom had died. Although she had been sick with cancer for nearly two years, in and out of the hospital, I thought she was coming home Friday night. I've always been a light sleeper, and that night I heard commotion downstairs. I almost got out of bed to greet her, but thought, I'll see her tomorrow. The next day I learned I would never see her again.

That morning, my sister and I watched Hong Kong Phooey and other cartoons in silence. A stream of people visited our house that weekend, each bringing food. I stayed outside as much as possible, playing basketball and football and hanging out with friends. The house had a mausoleum-like atmosphere. I was hoping to avoid discussing what had happened—as if by not talking about it, it hadn't.

Two days later, we flew to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where my mother grew up. It was the first time I remember being on an airplane. We lived in Northern Virginia, six hours away, and I didn't understand why we were now flying. I eventually realized that in addition to my father, brothers, sister, and me, the airplane was transporting my mother in a coffin.

My sister, father, and I stayed with my Uncle Sid, Aunt Mary, and cousin Wally. My father and I slept in the same room. One night after turning out the lights, Dad asked me how I was doing. I said I was fine. I should have told him I was having a bad dream from which I couldn't wake. It was the last time he asked me. Once the week was over, no one talked about Mom. It was as if she had become a childhood memory, like Santa Claus or the Easter Bunny. I don't blame my father for anything. He wasn't given an instruction manual on how to be a widower at 46 with five children.

On Tuesday, I didn't go to the visitation. Instead I watched the World Series with Wally. I didn't care who won the game, but as Fisk hit the game-ending homerun, Wally and I got caught up in the moment of the event. NBC replayed it over and over again until it was engrained in my mind. The next day, my family buried my mother.

I was distracted at the graveside service by the sea of headstones, as far as my eyes could see. As we walked to the limousine after the service, my oldest brother was walking ahead of me. I ran to catch up to him, and as I reached him I saw he was crying. He is six years older than me and, from my child's perspective, was larger than life. He was a tower of strength, the brother I could count on to defend and protect me. Seeing him cry was jarring, more evidence that the world I had known had ended.

After the funeral, Uncle Bill and Aunt Polly took me and my sister to visit my mother's mother, who was living in a nursing home. I vaguely understood that her mind wasn't working properly, that there was a disconnect between reality and her perception of it. As we visited, I wasn't sure if she knew her daughter had died. Then, in a moment of lucidity, she said that children aren't supposed to die before parents and began to cry.

Samuel Worth Madison and Bessie Smith Madison are buried next to my mother. Both were born in 1888. Samuel died in 1966; Bessie in 1970. Next to them, Samuel Wadsworth Madison Jr. is buried. He was born February 11, 1918, and died July 4, 1918. Junior didn't live even six months. Children aren't supposed to die before parents, but they do. That was one of the last times I saw my grandmother. She died the week after I was graduated from high school, reinforcing what was slowly becoming my perception of reality: Everything dies. Dead people, dead hopes, dead dreams, dead marriages, dead friendships, dead jobs.

Defined By Mourning

The day after my mom died, I told a neighbor I was glad, so that she wouldn't have to suffer anymore. While sincere, I didn't know what I was saying. When someone you love dies, Mark Twain said, it's like your house has burnt down; it isn't for years that you realize the extent of your loss. I'm not sure if I have realized it fully even yet.

Soon I grew accustomed to coming home to an empty house. My two oldest brothers were in college, and my other brother stayed away from home as much as possible. We never talked about my mother and soon stopped talking altogether. In our house, there was always noise but little communication. My last year in high school, my dad and my sister and I often would eat dinner in silence.

Some psychologists hypothesize on the five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. I flirted with denial at times. For years, I'd dream that my mother wasn't dead. She had been at some type of medical clinic for years, and one day she unexpectedly and unannounced returned home. It wasn't denial so much as avoidance. I skipped the bargaining stage and camped out in the anger and depression stages. I never came close to reaching the acceptance stage. My anger wasn't directed at anyone in particular, even God, if I even believed there was a God. It was directed at death itself, as if death were some person. Like the hooded chess player in Ingmar Bergman's The Seventh Seal, death deliberately and maliciously killed my mother. Had I the ability to kill death, I would have done it.

Even when I was having a good time, at my core I was defined by mourning. My hope for healing was captured by Abraham Lincoln in a letter to Fanny McCullough upon the Civil War death of her father. Lincoln observed that "in this sad world of ours, sorrow comes to all; and, to the young, it comes with bitterest agony, because it takes them unawares." Fanny's hope was that "perfect relief is not possible, except with time." My hope too was with the passage of time, the wound would heal. But time did not heal my wound; it made it worse. An untreated physical wound can result in infection or nerve damage, causing numbness, pain, or loss of feeling. Slowly over time, my heart became numbed, unable to feel anything except pain.

The Western calendar is divided between B.C. and A.D, with the birth of Christ marking the transition from one era to the other. My life could be divided between pre-October 1975 and post-October 1975. Carlton Fisk's homerun became a permanent marker of the transition from one period to the other, from carefree childhood to adult loss, disappointment, and pain.

Wooing Presence

By 1987, I was emotionally wounded and intellectually confused. It was in that context that I became a Christian. I wasn't pursuing God but realized that he was pursuing me. From April to August 1987, God was like what Francis Thompson famously described as the hound of heaven, on my tail.

I was in a bookstore one afternoon that year and wandered into the Religion section, one I don't remember being in before. I noticed Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis. Although I didn't hear an audible voice, it was if someone said to me, "Buy that book." After reading the first section, "Right and Wrong as a Clue to the Meaning of the Universe," I was intellectually convinced of the existence of God.

Around this time, I began to sense a tangible presence in my room every night. It was a wooing presence, like a father inviting his wayward son home. I tried to ignore it and its invitation, but it would not leave me alone. It disturbed my sleep. Somehow I understood that this presence was the same God whom Lewis had described. I began reading the New Testament and slowly became convinced of the truth of what it teaches about God and Jesus and sin and death and resurrection. Up to that point, "Jesus Christ" had been a punch line or a curse. I didn't want it to be true but could no longer deny that it was.

Both the intellectual understanding and the experience of God brought me to the point where I was confronted with Jesus' invitation to his disciples: Follow me. God was not going to float into my life through the back door. I understood that committing my life to Christ was like getting married. I couldn't reverse it, and I was afraid of the unknown. After continued wrestling with the presence of God, I reached a point where I thought, If I don't do this now, then I'll never do it. To echo Lewis, in the early morning hours of August 9, 1987, I admitted that God was God and knelt and prayed, perhaps the most dejected and reluctant convert in all the world. And like Lewis, I didn't see then what is clear and precious: the divine humility that will accept a convert even on such terms. A couple days later, I told a Christian friend that I had committed my life to Jesus. He replied, "Do it every day."

Four days later, I turned 24. I realized my perception of reality had been wrong. I had been like the Japanese solider pictured in a wheelchair, weeping, as he arrived to a hero's welcome at the Tokyo airport. He had spent 28 years in the jungles of Guam thinking that Japan was still fighting World War II. He spent half his life out of touch with reality. I spent nearly half my life the same, thinking that death, mourning, and pain were the fundamental realities of the world.

That October 17, one of my cousins got married in Winston-Salem. It was held on the anniversary of my mother's death. My father and two oldest brothers and I visited her grave that day, the first time I had been there since her funeral. After a few minutes, my oldest brother walked away, unable to cope. Shortly thereafter, my father walked away crying. It was the first time I had seen him cry. Eventually, my other brother walked away, leaving me alone by the grave. And I realized I no longer hurt. The wound had begun to heal.

Being new to faith, I was not aware that Jesus was sent to heal the brokenhearted and to bind up their wounds. In that place of death, I thanked the God of the living for his presence and prayed he would heal my family, cognizant for the first time that life in Christ was the fundamental reality of the world. My healing was not instantaneous and complete like Lazarus being raised from the dead. I was more the blind man, healing in part at first, seeing things as blurry objects before gaining total clarity.

Time did not heal my wound; Jesus did. October is still a reminder of my mother's death, but it's no longer a season of pain. I even look forward to the World Series, knowing I'll see Carlton Fisk side-stepping his way to first base, waving his arms trying to keep the ball fair. Watching the video stings occasionally, but it no longer produces deep sadness. I am no longer paralyzed by my mother's death.

A World of Resurrection

The biblical people I most identify with are the two disciples who encounter the resurrected Jesus as they walked from Jerusalem to Emmaus. Like me, their world had been shattered by the death of someone they love. They had hoped Jesus was the long-awaited Messiah who would rescue Israel. They had hoped that things would be different. They had hoped that things were going to work out the way they wanted. They had hoped things would change. It all ends in crucifixion.

For years, I had hoped my mother would not have died when she did. I had hoped my life would have been different. I had hoped that I was not defined by death and mourning. My mother's death was the end of the story. All that was left was for me to die one day. All I saw was death. All the disciples saw was crucifixion, but what they did not see in Jesus' crucifixion is that God was submitting himself to and participating in a world where so much fails to work out the way we want or plan or expect. He doesn't stand aloof, accepting the results. God is not a spectator in heaven, untouched by suffering, pain and death. God enters our world of crucifixion and makes it a world of resurrection.

I now react to Carlton Fisk's homerun with what Lewis called Sehnsucht, the longing "to find the place where all the beauty came from," my country, the place where I ought to have been born, the longing for home. It is a bitter reminder that we were not meant for death yet daily experience the many faces of it, waiting for the time when death itself will die. The Bible reveals very little about heaven. But it speaks of a new earth and a new heaven, where God will dwell with us, where he will wipe away every tear, where there no longer will be any death or mourning or crying or pain.

When I was in my 20s and 30s, I thought it was stupid to dream of heaven. Now that I'm 50, I long for it—for the time when death will be destroyed, when tears will be wiped away, and when people will mourn no more. I long for the time when Carlton Fisk's homerun no longer will sting.

Scott Carney is a graduate of the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary and Southern Evangelical Seminary. He lives in Charlotte, North Carolina, and enjoys Civil War history, the short stories of Flannery O'Connor, the movies of Martin Scorsese, the guitar playing of Duane Allman, and seeing God glorified in and through the lives of broken people.

Church Life

Go Ahead, Say the Wrong Thing

Never say, ‘never say’: How our lists and language rules may be over-the-top.

Her.meneutics August 5, 2014
enixii /Flickr

Wrong Words and the Word-loving Missionary

Rachel Marie Stone

Someone said the wrong thing to me…and I survived.

You've no doubt come across one of those lists telling you the 10 or 12 or 20 "things you should never say" to women, pregnant women, people who are sober, pastor's children, adoptive parents, and so on.

These "listicles" have become popular and highly sharable as Christians take one another to task online for using the "wrong" words to speak of someone or something. Even when the issue is relatively minor and no offense was intended, we're quick to point out the wrong use of a given word.

I'll admit it: I'm a logophile—a lover of words. I like precise language, and I don't find it arduous to stay current on the terms considered polite and respectful. I prefer expressions like "a person experiencing homelessness" to "homeless person" because the former puts the person first and does not define the person by the unfortunate situation in which they happen to be.

And yet I am not at all a fan of these endless "what not to say" lists, or of the vigilante language-policing I see in online spaces and in real life. I don't like to see well-intentioned people called on the carpet for perceived terminological infractions.

In her nonfiction essay "Puritans and Prigs," the novelist Marilynne Robinson recounts one such incident, in which a woman publicly embarrassed an older "very generous spirited man" for a minor slip in usage—something along the lines of saying Hispanic instead of Latino.

Robinson points out that arrogance of the woman's correction in this instance:

The woman had simply made a demonstration of the fact that her education was more recent, more fashionable, and more extensive than his. […] To be able to defend magnanimity while asserting class advantage!

When we create lists of things never to say or publicly rebuke people over what amount to trifling missteps in their language, do we not often do out of a sense of pride: that we, not they, know the right words; that we, not they, are righteous in our indignation, even if their intentions were innocuous? (Would I rebuke the octogenarian at the nursing home who whistles and calls me "darling" for his sexist behavior? Never!

Just before I returned from a very difficult time as a mission worker in sub-Saharan Africa, I talked to my therapist on Skype. She'd been a mission worker herself, and understood my anxiety:

"I just can't stand the thought of all the stupid things people at church might say to me about this experience," I told her.

"But people will say stupid things," she said kindly. "The question is, how will you receive those stupid remarks?"

It seemed to me then that my own sense of the importance of right words did not necessitate my hair-trigger outrage at hearing "wrong" words. I could survive thoughtless remarks, choosing to hear, beneath them, the genuine concern and impulse to connect that underlies so much of our imperfect human communication.

Graciousness and wisdom to compel us to watch our words—much of the book of Proverbs is devoted to that truth—but it's equally true that graciousness and wisdom beckon us to be generous in our reception of "wrong" words, slow to anger and ready to let love cover a multitude of sins, as it so beautifully does.

Wrong Words and the Adoptive Mom

Megan Hill

"I have two children by adoption," I told my new friend when we first met earlier this summer. She looked at me intently. "Can I ask you something?" she said. I nodded. "Are you one of those moms who gets really offended about using the right words for adoption? I know some people like that—who want everyone to know the correct terms—and now I'm kind of afraid to talk to them."

People do say thoughtless things. An article for Parenting magazine, "10 Things You Shouldn't Say to Adoptive Parents," lists some that I've heard many times myself: Why did his real parents give him up? Are they real sisters [brothers]? Your child's so lucky.

Ugh. I really want strangers to stop asking if only one of my three kids is "my own." I want people's language to reflect the truth that even children are image-bearers. And I don't feel obligated to give every busybody a full explanation of my adopted child's personal history.

But I have also found that hurtful comments and microaggressions are an opportunity. They help me to sympathize with my children who face an even greater degree of nosiness and ignorance. And they make me love my Savior more.

People said the wrong things to Jesus, too. They said his humble beginnings disqualified him for greatness (Matt. 13:53-58). And in the case of a man named Nathanael, the words were especially egregious. When his friend Philip came to tell him about Jesus, Nathanael responded: "'Can anything good come out of Nazareth?'" (Jn. 1:46)

If there were a first-century list of "10 Things You Shouldn't Say to Jesus" that would make the top five. Jesus of Nazareth is the only good man, the eternal Son, and the one whom angels cannot cease praising. So, yes, Nathanael, something infinitely good can come out of Nazareth.

But Jesus, the gracious Savior, is not harsh. He doesn't respond snarkily to Nathanael of Cana, as Matthew Henry suggests he could have, saying, "'Can anything good come out of Cana?'" Instead, he makes Nathanael his disciple. I want to be your friend, Nathanael. I want to hear what you have to say. And the next words out of Nathanael's mouth are so much better: "Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are the King of Israel!" (Jn. 1:49)

I, too, have said stupid things to Jesus. I have failed to understand who he is and have failed to use right words about Him. But Jesus welcomed me even as I was clumsily inserting foot into mouth, and he covered my idle words with his own blood. As a Christ-follower, I don't want to make everyone afraid to say anything for fear it might be the wrong thing. My Jesus didn't.

Wrong Words and the Single Christian

Gina Dalfonzo

Sometimes, it seems like other people can sense the aspects of our lives we find most difficult and hone in directly on them.

For instance, we singles face misconceptions, assumptions, and just plain rudeness as others speculate what we must have done wrong to still be single, tell us how we don't fit in a certain church, or accuse us of being what's wrong with the church in general. Some people even use the "No wonder you're single!" line when we do or say something they don't like.

It never fails to amaze me, in fact, just how insensitive people can still be in an age that prides itself on its sensitivity.

I understand why we list rules of how people should and shouldn't speak. We're trying to remind them of the need for courtesy—and we're also trying to protect ourselves from hurt feelings. But when we pile up the rules and get so rigid about them, then we risk becoming the ones who are discourteous.

We use every little thing we don't like about someone's words or actions as an excuse to look down on them, while basking in our own self-righteousness. Also, we can become arrogant enough to think we speak for every member of our group. (Some "rules for talking to singles" I've seen didn't apply to me at all.)

"Do to others as you would have them do to you" works both ways, and those of us who find ourselves getting offended more and more easily need to keep that in mind. Some of us do need to work on being more sensitive and considerate of others' feelings. But at the same time, many of us need to work on our patience and grace, and sometimes just give the benefit of the doubt.

The Handcrafted Gospel

Meet the craftsmen reclaiming the honor of manual labor.

Gary Gnidovic

"I've always enjoyed building and fixing things," says Brandon Yates.

After high school, Yates became an electrician. A fast study, he advanced quickly through the first two electrical certifications, apprentice and journeyman. Finally, when he became a master electrician in 1999, Yates founded KC One, an electrical contracting services company based in Kansas City, Missouri.

"Craftsman is a lost word in our day," says Yates, now 37, who aims to change that by recruiting hardworking high-school graduates with an aptitude for making things. KC One's apprenticeship program provides on-the-job training and certifications for one or two young electricians each year. "Society teaches these kids that they'll become losers if they become electricians. My job is to unteach them."

The perception that the trades offer less status and money, and demand less intelligence, is one likely reason young people have turned away from careers in the trades for several generations. In Yates's school district, officials recently shuttered the entire shop class program. In our "cultural iconography," notes scholar Mike Rose, the craftsman is a "muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps, but no thought bright behind the eye, no image that links hands and brain." Thinking, it's assumed, is for the office, not the shop.

But considering that Scripture identifies Jesus himself as a tektōn (Mark 6:3, literally "craftsman" or "one who works with his hands"), we think it's high time to challenge the tradesman stereotype, and to rethink the modern divide between white collar and blue collar, office and shop, in light of the Divine Craftsman who will one day make all things new.

Apprentices and disciples

Craftspeople (harashim)—masons, barbers, weavers, goldsmiths, stonecutters, carpenters, potters—are replete in the Bible. The first person Scripture says was filled with the Spirit of God was Bezalel, who was given "ability and intelligence, with knowledge and all craftsmanship, to devise artistic designs, to work in gold, silver, and bronze" (Ex. 31:1–5, ESV). Passages like these suggest God cares about craftsmanship, above all in his most holy places. From the tabernacle to the temple, what was built was meant to reflect and reveal God's character. The temple was not just a majestic building; it spoke powerfully of his holiness.

Likewise, some of the most important New Testament figures worked with their hands. Like most Jewish sons, Jesus presumably apprenticed to his earthly father, Joseph, a carpenter. Paul built tents alongside Priscilla and Aquila, his friends and partners in the gospel.

Still, "mental work" has long been valued over and against physical labor. Greek philosophy elevated the mind and disdained the body. Christians have resisted this gnostic dichotomy for centuries, albeit often halfheartedly. Other Christians have resisted the spiritual-secular labor divide, notably Martin Luther. The reformer was one of the first to use the word vocation to describe work beyond that of clergy. And he offered strong correctives against the Greek view of work, which prized the scholar's scroll over the weaver's loom: "Works of monks and priests, however holy and arduous they may be, do not differ one whit in the sight of God from the works of the rustic laborer in the field."

"We have to pay attention to detail and care for the contractors we work for," Yates says. "As a tradesperson, I don't know any other way to do that than by doing a really good job. We believe that God exists; therefore, the things we do and make now matter. The whole apprenticeship process is also a discipleship process."

A lost union

For much of history, the vast majority of workers have labored with their hands, often applying highly specialized skills passed down through guilds and families. In the United States, however, the hands-mind divide accelerated after 1911, the year Frederick Winslow Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management was published. A classic work of industrial-era ideals, the monograph focused on gathering the knowledge of craftsmen, organizing it into highly efficient processes, and redistributing that work to laborers as small parts of a larger whole.

Taylor's system, overseen by people in "management," allowed employers to cut costs and increase productivity by standardizing and simplifying manual labor. But, according to Taylor, "All possible brain work should be removed from the shop and centered in the planning or lay-out department." The previous union of craftsman and thinker, skilled laborer and scientist, began to disintegrate. What remained were "white-collar" planners and "blue-collar" workers.

Concerned that craft knowledge was being lost, Congress passed the Smith–Hughes Act of 1917, which provided federal funding for manual training. But because the bill established separate state boards for vocational education, it had the unintended effect of sequestering the trades from the liberal arts.

This division between vocational education and college preparation affects today's college-bound students as well as those who pursue the trades. Most college graduates have had little, if any, training in repairing a leaky toilet or hardwiring a smoke detector. For those brave enough to attempt such feats, the intellectual and technical skill needed to make or fix is often beyond reach. For an awful lot of college graduates, without help, their pipes would be forever clogged. Without reintegrating the trades back into the liberal arts, we will perpetuate the falsehood that plumbers, electricians, and other skilled laborers are somehow less intelligent.

Here and now

"We make things work," says Adrian Groff, vice president at Groff's Home Comfort Team. A business based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Groff's team includes dozens of plumbers, carpenters, and electricians. Together they ensure homes, schools, churches, and office buildings fulfill their good design. They repair broken toilets, install safe wiring, and construct ventilation systems. Embedded deeply in the heart of their craftsmanship is a sense of renewal.

Americans who think of skilled manual labor are more likely to think of industrial jobs than the trades. Yet industrial jobs—work performed in highly controlled factory settings—have been especially vulnerable to globalization. Chinese and Indian work forces can perform many industrial tasks previously done in the United States. Outsourcing has benefited other countries: Over the past 30 years, the percentage of Chinese families living in extreme poverty has dropped from 84 percent to less than 10 percent. But many of these jobs will not come back to the United States, causing deep and lasting damage to the livelihoods of American workers.

The manual trades, on the other hand, resist outsourcing. These jobs must be completed here and now. When lights require installation or framing must be constructed, the work can't be done in India. Skilled manual labor has an incarnational quality—it requires a person in the flesh. Cement and rebar can be imported, but highways cannot. For those, we need skilled craftsmen. Indeed, we need them more than ever.

"It's very, very difficult to find people," said Frank Greiner Jr., president of Greiner Industries, another company in Lancaster that employs all types of welders, machinists, and metalworkers. "We need trade-school grads."

The typical millionaire

Across the country, skilled manual labor is in high demand. But it's also in short supply. According to the Associated General Contractors of America, two-thirds of construction companies are struggling to find enough skilled workers, and 79 percent expect the shortage to continue. Meanwhile, craftsmen are retiring in droves. According to Manpower Group, 53 percent of skilled trade workers are 45 or older; 18 percent are between ages 55 and 64. There aren't enough new workers to replace the waves of skilled laborers retiring from the workforce.

Given the types of jobs that are expected to grow in the coming years, the looming skills shortage is particularly acute. A 2010 report published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicted the fastest-growing occupations through 2020. Of the top ten, four were skilled trades: (4) brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters; (5) carpenters; (7) reinforcing iron and rebar workers; and (9) pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.

Mike Rowe, host of the former Discovery Channel show Dirty Jobs, recently launched a project to prepare students for the work force. He writes, "A trillion dollars in student loans. Record high unemployment. Three million good jobs that no one seems to want. … The Skills Gap is here, and if we don't close it, it'll swallow us all."

The "skills" he is referring to are the manual trades—butchers and bricklayers, construction workers and carpenters. Rowe has dedicated the Profoundly Disconnected project to providing scholarships for students to attend trade schools—and to challenging the idea that a four-year degree is the key to success.

But can the skilled trades bring "success," especially the economic kind? Even if Americans will always need plumbers, will plumbers be paid enough to support a family?

In truth, skilled craftsmen in the United States earn salaries competitive to their cubicle-dwelling peers. Electricians and plumbers earn on average close to $50,000 annually. The average annual wage for elevator installers and repairers: $73,560; electrical repairers for power plants: $65,950; transportation inspectors: $65,770.

The less technical skill required for a job, the smaller the wages. But for those who have apprenticed in an in-demand trade, times are looking up. In the best-selling book The Millionaire Next Door, Thomas J. Stanley and William D. Danko note that the "typical millionaire" is the skilled craftsman who owns his or her own business.

"Sometimes these guys are so shocked at what they can do and earn," says Yates. "They look at their college counterparts and see them saddled with debt and unable to find work."

The high technology of the human hand

Respect for skilled manual work may be at low ebb, but we see the tide turning. In cities like Denver (where we live), adding the word handcrafted to a product is guaranteed to boost its hip factor—and sales. Many young consumers celebrate firms that deindustrialize, restoring the skill and the unpredictable beauty of quality handwork. David Culp, a contributor to the American Craftsman project, a documentary photography series that celebrates skilled trades, captures the enthusiasm: "The American craftsman still thrives, because when it comes to getting certain things done well and with beauty, a human hand guided by a human eye, ear, and imagination can still be the highest technology of all."

Indeed, at times the work of the trades approaches a fine art. Stacked behind carpenter Josh Mabe's shop in Palmer Lake, Colorado, is old wood gleaned from the rusty corners of the state: a barn door, wine barrels, discarded planks from truck beds, a railroad cart, lumber from the old Leavenworth Prison, oak floors from a 130-year-old Denver home. Each piece is worn, discarded by its owner. But for Mabe, such materials are treasures. "Every time I look at reclaimed wood, I see a story. I see art."

Twenty1Five, Mabe's small furniture business, has attracted statewide attention. The company's name derives from Revelation 21:5 (ESV), where Christ says, "Behold, I am making all things new."

Each of Mabe's pieces is a mosaic of shape and color. His work turns drab boardrooms into wild, elegant arrays of Colorado history, sterile dining rooms into collages of revealed beauty. "I love taking something useless and making it useful," says Mabe.

If there is a renaissance in craftsmanship, it should be welcomed—even heralded—by Christians. After all, we look to a day when we will inhabit a house God has built—a richly prepared mansion that owes its beauty to a single designer and laborer (John 14:2). God is Maker, Creator of the heavens and the earth; and God is Fixer, redeemer and restorer of a broken world.

As we look forward to the heavenly city, whose architect and builder is God (Heb. 11:10), perhaps we owe it to our children and grandchildren to encourage more of them to be makers and fixers, too.

Jeff Haanen is the founder and executive director of the Denver Institute for Faith & Work. Chris Horst is the vice president of development at HOPE International and coauthor of Mission Drift.

Pastors

What to Do With a Day

Is the best option to seize it?

Leadership Journal August 5, 2014

Last week I watched the old Robin Williams movie, Dead Poets Society. In its most famous scene, the professor gathers a group of young prep students in front of pictures of a generation of students from a century earlier. Looking at the earnest youthful faces of men who were now long dead produced an eerie realization of both their vitality then and mortality now.

“Listen carefully lads. Do you hear what they’re telling you?” whispered Williams. Then very slowly … “Carpe diem. Seize the day.”

Sometimes, out of confidence or arrogance or naiveté, that ‘carpe diem’ strategy can be applied even to ministry. ‘Carpe ecclesia’.

The students aren’t quite sure how to respond. Some are embarrassed or bored by ancient history. Some seem inspired to live life more fully. Some are moved to reflect on mortality. The intent seems to be to grab life by the gullet and squeeze all that can be had from it. Live to the max. Carpe Diem!

When you are young and healthy, and as sportscaster Curt Gowdy used to say, “your whole future lies before you” (and where else would it lie?), carpe diem seems to be the right approach. A day is meant to be seized—held, managed, controlled, made to yield its potential to one who will master it.

Sometimes, out of confidence or arrogance or naiveté, that strategy can be applied even to ministry. Carpe ecclesia. Seize the church. Control and master and cause the outcomes that I want by sheer exercise of will and competence.

But a day is coming that cannot be seized.

The privilege of greeting

One of my longtime heroes in ministry has been Steve Hayner. I first met Steve more than 25 years ago through our mutual involvement at Fuller Seminary. He is brilliant (Ph.D from St Andrews), and positive, and humble, and incredibly personable; younger people in ministry flock to him because he has this way of making people feel not that he is terrifically important, but that they are terrifically important. Because to Steve, they are. He has had an amazing ministry including being the leader of Inter Varsity Christian Fellowship. He decided to step down from that because he said, “I felt like I’m really a Barnabas forced into being Paul,” but then he went on to become president of Columbia Seminary—his Pauline abilities just keep trumping his Barnabine personality.

A few months ago he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. His posts (they can be read on Caring Bridge) are like reading devotional classics that have been written through the ages. One of his comments, reflecting on the love and care surrounding himself and his family, was what a privilege this journey has been. He used the word with no sense of irony. The journey simply looks this way to him.

To greet the day, rather than attempting to seize it, is an act of humility.

In a more recent post, he wrote of the toll that the disease and its treatments have taken on his body and his strength. Energies that for years were able to flow to outward activities—to seizing this opportunity or that learning—were now required simply to survive and cope. Then he wrote a line that is unforgettable:

“I no longer am able to seize the day. But I’m working on greeting the day.”

To greet the day, rather than attempting to seize it, is an act of humility. To recognize it as a gift. To acknowledge at sunrise that I cannot take for granted seeing the sunset. I am a steward of the day, not its owner. I thank God for a day to do ministry, to love my congregation, to study the Scriptures, to lead and teach and pastor with diligence and joy. I embrace my finitude. I confess my sin. I ask for strength.

Numbering days

The Bible is, among other things, a book about days. There are the seven days of the creation story. There are 40-days stories of waiting; third-day stories of rescue. There is the Sabbath day that reminds us we are not lords of time; the Day of Atonement that reminds us we are not lords of morality. There is the daily bread that tells us we live one day at a time. There is the “day of the Lord” for which we wait; the claim that history is headed somewhere, the claim which superceded the ancient notion of existence as endless repetition and has left the human race with a sense of hope that even in its unbelief it finds difficult to discard.

When we are young and healthy and ambitious, ‘carpe diem’ seems to be the right strategy. But there is deeper wisdom for creatures like us.

None of those days are created by us. “This is the day that the Lord has made,” the psalmist says.

When we are young and healthy and ambitious, carpe diem seems to be the right strategy. But there is deeper wisdom for creatures like us. We do not seize the day. It is not ours to manage our control. It is a gift that comes to us, one at a time. It can be surrendered. It can be redeemed. It can be received with gratitude. It can be lived out in faith. It can be absorbed in eternity. It can be filled with God.

Salve Diem. Greet the day.

John Ortberg is editor at large of Leadership Journal and pastor of Menlo Park Presbyterian Church in California.

Copyright © 2014 by the author or Christianity Today/Leadership Journal.Click here for reprint information on Leadership Journal.

Pastors

The Koinonia Way

Sharing ministry with the congregation protects pastors from burnout.

Leadership Journal August 5, 2014

Churches today face a deep health crisis. No, I'm not referring to the rising cost of healthcare, or the obesity epidemic (though both are troubling). I have in mind the problem of pastoral burnout, and the congregational cultures that foster this disease.

The symptoms of pastoral burnout have been well-documented over the last 25 years: ministerial dropout rates approaching 50 percent, rising use of antidepressants, obesity, hypertension, and more.

The symptoms of pastoral burnout have been well-documented over the last 25 years: ministerial dropout rates approaching 50 percent, rising use of antidepressants, obesity, hypertension, and more. While programs like Duke Divinity School's Clergy Health Initiative and the Lily Endowment's National Clergy Renewal Program have emerged over the last 15 years to raise awareness and work to foster healthier clergy, there seems to be less effort focused on addressing the other side of the equation—promoting healthier congregational cultures that do not burn out their clergy, leaders, and members.

Fred Lehr's book Clergy Burnout is a helpful resource for thinking about how the culture of a congregation contributes to the health of a church. Lehr uses the pointed language of codependency to describe the conditions that contribute to pastoral burnout. Congregations that expect their pastors to over-perform are often enabled to do less work than we have been called to do as members of Christ's body. Lehr suggests that the journey from unhealthy congregations to healthy ones is marked by a shift in the clergy/laity relationship from codependency to interdependence.

In our recent book Slow Church, John Pattison and I offered a vision of what it means for churches to mature as healthy, interdependent communities. Recognizing the ways that our brokenness as individuals, churches, and societies manifest in congregations, we believe in God's transforming power—and in the possibility of cultivating congregations that are healthier for pastors and laity.

I believe that changing how we understand and function together as local church communities might set us on a journey toward healthier, interdependent congregations.

The language of fellowship

First, let's examine the sort of language and images we use to describe our life in the local church. The language of "going to church" (versus "being the church" or "belonging to a church") inclines us to think of church as a religious community where the clergy are professionals who do the work and churchgoers are basically consumers of religious goods and services. It's not difficult to see how this consumerist notion of church feeds into codependency and burnout.

In addition to language of being and belonging, the New Testament word koinonia is a term used to describe healthy, interdependent congregations. Although typically translated into English as "fellowship" (and reduced from there into images of chit-chat over a meal or coffee), this word had a much richer definition in the New Testament world. Perhaps it could be better translated in our age as "sharing in common."

In addition to language of being and belonging, the New Testament word 'koinonia' is a term used to describe healthy, interdependent congregations.

If indeed God is calling us as churches into a deeper life of sharing, then how do we talk about and organize our life together in ways that orient us out of a faith defined largely by passive consumption and toward a faith marked by engaged participation in the koinonia of the local church? How can we foster communities that share in common?

Broadening "vocation"

When we speak of Christian vocation, we often do so with a very narrow definition of that term, one that we contrast to a secular vocation. In this typical usage, a Christian vocation might be a calling to be a pastor, a worship leader or a missionary, but a calling to any other sort of work outside the church would be a secular vocation. This way of defining vocation, however, reflects the sorts of fragmentation that defines our times, highlighting not only the chasm between sacred and secular, but also the divide between church and business.

If we start with the biblical convictions that God is at work reconciling all things (Col. 1:19-20) and that God calls us into that reconciling work (2 Cor. 5:17-20), then we must broaden our definition of Christian vocation. We should seek to discern our individual callings within the scope of a new creation—in which our primary vocation is to be ambassadors of God's all-encompassing reconciliation.

Leaders have the resources in the members of our congregations—not only to lighten the load of our paid church staff, but also to launch new initiatives, some of which might not even occur to our paid staff.

The Apostle Paul also notes in Ephesians 4:7-8 that we have all been given gifts suitable for our calling. God has blessed the people of God abundantly with gifts. Indeed, it is not just pastors, missionaries, and church staff who have a Christian vocation, but rather, every church member has been given skills and talents that can be utilized in the work of the church. Entrepreneurs can help create jobs that benefit not only those who need work, but also the neighborhood. Artists can help us imagine new ways of being together. Plumbers, electricians, and others in the building trades are essential for re-structuring the built environment to provide good, affordable housing and to draw people closer to one another. Doctors, nurses and others in the medical trades not only treat our illnesses but can also help us imagine healthier ways of living and being together. Everyone has skills that can bear witness to God's reconciliation in our neighborhoods. The role of the church (not just the pastor or church staff ) is to orchestrate these gifts to direct our neighbors' attention to God's reconciling love.

Many of the tasks that pastors do could be done as well (if not better) by members of the congregation. Visiting the sick, handling finances and administration for the church, extending hospitality, representing the church in neighborhood meetings—all of these sorts of work could be shared by members of the congregation. Even worship planning or preaching, activities that a pastor might want to stay involved in, can be shared. Leaders have the resources in the members of our congregations—not only to lighten the load of our paid church staff, but also to launch new initiatives, some of which might not even occur to our paid staff.

Here at Englewood Christian Church on the Near Eastside of Indianapolis, a church of about 200 adult members, we have only two paid pastors and two administrative staff members. However, we have a daycare that hires about 20 people in full- and part-time positions and a separate community development non-profit that employs about 15 people in a variety of small businesses from traditional community development to bookkeeping, to publishing and bookselling, to landscaping, to managing a recreational facility. Englewood also does a variety of food-related work—community gardening and beekeeping—without staff-people specifically paid for this work.

If someone in our church has passion and skill for a particular ministry, we should empower her or him to do so.

Each of these endeavors began with people who were gifted to do a particular kind of work and an opportunity in the church or neighborhood that made it fiscally viable. We also have about a dozen other members who work for organizations in our neighborhood that regularly partner with our church—a doctor who works for the local health clinic, several people who work or have worked for our local food co-op, etc. And when speaking of the work of the church, I cannot overlook the group of half-a-dozen retired men who show up daily at the church building and do whatever odd jobs need to be done: painting, taking out trash and recycling, driving people to doctor's appointments, and so on. We are involved in a wide range of work, much of which goes beyond what most churches do, but we are able to do so because we are attentive to the gifts of our members and the opportunities in our neighborhood, and because our members are willing to devote themselves whole-heartedly to the work of the church in all its manifold forms.

But back to burnout—does this broadening of vocation and ministry only increase the amount of work and coordination that is required of pastoral staff? This concern might be valid, depending on how this transition is made by a church. So with that in mind, how can we foster this practice in a way that lightens an overworked pastor's load?

Empowering the church

Authoritarian leadership (leadership that always needs to be in control) is not only a death knell for churches; it reveals a lack of trust in God's guidance. Empowering our brothers and sisters—out of our trust of one another and of God—offers a compelling alternative to the sort of control that fosters anxiety and burnout.

The skills and leadership of a pastor are vitally important in the church community, but so are the skills and passions of the other members. We all have been gifted for the work to which we all have been called .

If someone in our church has passion and skill for a particular ministry, we should empower her or him to do so. We should not be reckless in this empowerment, but start small and move slowly (the temptation to power lurks in all our hearts—good reason for acting cautiously). A healthy initiative is one that is deeply connected with the life of the church, while allowing for others to enter into the work as it grows. Once we have empowered a person or group to begin work, we should allow them to lead this work as it grows over time.

We also need to cultivate the mindset of "this is our church" (and not just the pastor or staff's church). Doing and overseeing the work, and imagining ways of growing and flourishing in the future, will create diversity of ministry as we join God in his reconciliation—and a much more vibrant, engaged community than one steered on a tight course by authoritarian leaders.

Moving slowly

Although many of us (me included) feel the urgency for the sort of healthy, engaged congregations described here, we need to be cautious. Moving too fast in this direction will stir up problems that will have to be dealt with. The sort of trust that is required to make the shift to interdependent church communities takes time to cultivate.

The skills and leadership of a pastor are vitally important in the church community, but so are the skills and passions of the other members. We all have been gifted for the work to which we all have been called . A different, healthier, way of being church is possible, but it will require stretching our imaginations, being willing to work diligently and sharing together in the work of embodying Christ in our neighborhood.

C. Christopher Smith is co-author of Slow Church: Cultivating Community in the Patient Way of Jesus (IVP Books, 2014) and editor for The Englewood Review of Books.

Copyright © 2014 by the author or Christianity Today/Leadership Journal. Click here for reprint information on Leadership Journal.

News

Ebola Enters America (Safely) as Missionaries Evacuate Liberia

Amid worst-ever outbreak of deadly virus, infected SIM worker will be taken to Atlanta tomorrow, joining infected Samaritan’s Purse doctor.

Health workers in Liberia work among victims of Ebola.

Health workers in Liberia work among victims of Ebola.

Christianity Today August 4, 2014
Ahmed Jallanzo/EPA

Amid the world's worst Ebola outbreak—hitting capital cities and medical personnel in West Africa at an unprecedented rate—two North Carolina ministries are evacuating many of their workers.

Two Americans—both serving in the same Liberian hospital but with different Christian groups—are in "stable but grave condition" after contracting the deadly Ebola virus that has claimed more than 887 lives since February, according to the World Health Organization.

Kent Brantly, a 33-year-old doctor from Texas, contracted the virus while serving as the medical director of an Ebola care center for Samaritan's Purse outside Monrovia, Liberia. After a week of treatment in Africa, Brantly flew to the U.S. on Saturday and is currently in an isolation unit at Emory University Hospital, where his condition appears to be improving, reports The Wall Street Journal (WSJ).

The second victim, Nancy Writebol, works for Serving in Mission (SIM), which runs the hospital that hosts the Samaritan's Purse clinic. Writebol, a mother of two, worked as a hygienist at the care center, spraying down the protective suits worn by the medical workers. She is expected to return to the U.S. tomorrow (Tuesday), said SIM.

"We thank God that they are alive and now have access to the best care in the world," said Franklin Graham, president of Samaritan's Purse.

Dr. Kent Brantly
Dr. Kent Brantly

Brantly, who initially turned down an experimental serum so that Writebol could take it first, has been receiving blood transfusions from a 14-year-old survivor he helped treat, according to Samaritan's Purse. The experimental drug, known as ZMapp, was delivered in three doses to the Liberia hospital where both patients were being treated.

Brantly, whose condition suddenly took a turn for the worse after agreeing to give Writebol the first thawed medication, later asked to take the first dose as he thought he was dying. His condition improved dramatically within an hour in what one of the doctors described as a "miraculous" recovery, reports CNN. Writebol's response was not as immediate, but her condition improved after another dose.

Nancy Writebol
Nancy Writebol

Meanwhile, in neighboring Sierra Leone, a doctor leading the fight against Ebola died Tuesday from the disease, according to Reuters. Another top doctor in Liberia recently died, as did a Catholic hospital director, while a Nigerian doctor who helped treat a U.S. victim has also been infected. Dozens of local health workers have also contracted the deadly and contagious virus. While the fatality rate can be as high as 90 percent, the death rate has been 55 percent in this West Africa Ebola outbreak, according to the WSJ.

Both Samaritan's Purse and SIM are evacuating about 60 people—all "nonessential personnel"—from Liberia, reports SIM. But SIM (which states it became "one of the largest Christian medical missions in the world" even though two of its three founders "died of malaria within the first year of the organization's founding") is also "sending another American doctor to help with the treatment of Ebola patients" in Monrovia.

"Right now, we are continuing our operations at the Ebola Case Management Centers in Liberia," said Melissa Strickland, spokesperson for Samaritan's Purse. "These centers provide direct clinical care to those who are suffering from the virus."

In what the WHO is calling the largest outbreak in recorded history, the Ebola virus has hit the West African nations of Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea with 1,323 cases so far, reports the WSJ.

According to Samaritan's Purse:

The two cases underscore the seriousness of the horrific outbreak that is spreading throughout Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea and infecting hundreds of people at an unprecedented rate. The deadly disease, which causes massive internal bleeding and has a mortality rate of 60 to 90 percent in most situations, has claimed more than 725 lives.

In the span of 32 years (1976-2008), the Ebola virus infected 2,232 people in remote village areas and killed 1,503. Just since early this year, the mortality rate has already claimed nearly a third of those fatalities as it has infiltrated three capital cities with populations in the millions.

Since the symptoms of Ebola—fevers and sore throats—closely resemble other diseases, health officials are struggling to control its spread. The virus has hit harder in urban areas, while previous outbreaks were more contained to rural villages. "There is no cure for Ebola," said Strickland. "Patients are given intensive medical care to support them and give their bodies as much as strength as possible to fight the disease."

"I think the worst is yet to come," Samaritan's Purse vice president told USA Today. "I hope I'm wrong."

The porous borders between countries in West Africa add to the spread of the disease, said Hilde de Clerck with Doctors Without Borders (MSF), another organization working to prevent the outbreak.

"The high level of population mobility is another aggravating factor in the spread of the disease," said de Clerck. "People in these areas of West Africa are more mobile than those MSF has treated in previous Ebola outbreaks in Uganda or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For instance, one patient we treated had traveled through five villages in a single week before coming to our treatment center. This means that he could have infected other people in each of those villages as he passed through."

CT often covers medicine and health, including churches that suspended taking Communion or entire services during the Ebola outbreak in Uganda in 2000.

CT regularly reports on Liberia, including how Christians have debated calling it a Christian nation and how Nobel Peace Prize winner Leymah Gbowee's push for reconciliation began with faith. CT also reported how churches brought healing to the war-ravaged country, and how Liberia's past reflected on its cruel civil war.

Pastors

Pro-Death, and Pointing Fingers

Repenting from a skewed perspective on sin.

Leadership Journal August 4, 2014

Pro-life. I guess you could say that I was born "pro-life," the son of parents who were both Conservative Baptists and Republicans.

And now, more than forty years later, it is natural for me to prioritize life. I love life and I think life is something we should want to root for in all its forms: communities, forests, endangered critters, oceans, my next door neighbor, my neighbor across the globe, the marginalized, the soldier and civilian, the poor and the rich, the forgotten and the famous, the sick and the healthy, the hungry and the fed … the list goes on and on.

Part of me wishes we could be "pro-all-life," but that might be asking too much.

Some would say that I am muddying the issue when I pull the camera back so far that "pro-life" suddenly encompasses all things and covers issues on all points of the political/theological map. Part of me wishes we could be "pro-all-life," but that might be asking too much.

Finger-point-sins and shared-sins

In our society "pro-life" refers by and large to one thing: pregnancy and birth rights. Specifically, abortion is one of the most dramatic issues in society's moral (sin) debate. For me it falls in a category that I would call: "Finger-point-sins" (more on that in a moment).

First, I want to describe another category. The vast majority of sins I simply call "shared-sins." They are the common sort of temptations that I for one face everyday. They are the sort of sins that I need to handle with care, because harsh judgment of one of these shared-sins might come back and bite me in the backside. You see, I believe I am in ever-present danger of slipping down the road toward a shared-sin. These transgressions include: greed, pride, lust, religious hubris, ignoring the poor, gossip, hording wealth, idolatry, legalism, dishonoring parents, covetousness, lying, racism, unrighteous anger, judgmentalism, malice. Truth be told, I have been tempted toward many of these sins already today.

Let me try and explain why I think abortion is treated differently, like a "finger-point-sin." Unlike our list above, it is the sort of sin that I have zero fear that I might unexpectedly commit. I have no fear that I might slip into the act, the way that I might find myself slipping into envy, judgment, pride, or greed. Thus, it creates an odd form of freedom where I can vocally and dramatically denounce the sin of abortion with no fear that my denouncement will ever come back to bite me. It is one of the great examples of an us/them divide.

Church history and modern society is replete with these us/them issues; the common denominator is that each idea leaves a percentage of society outcast, while the rest of us escape free and clean.

A finger-point-sin therefore carries great power. I can simultaneously "stand for righteousness" and all the while make an unspoken case for my own spiritual significance. Church history and modern society is replete with these us/them issues; the common denominator is that each idea leaves a percentage of society outcast, while the rest of us, at least in regards to that particular issue, escape free and clean.

Different fingers

Jesus seemed to come at such things from a distinctly different perspective.

On the schoolyard growing up we were taught to be careful with finger pointing. I remember adults telling us, "Every time you point your finger at someone else, three more fingers will point right back at you." (Try it for yourself, those darn adults were right.)

Jesus seemed a little schoolyard in his approach. He lived in a world full of more than a few us/them issues and finger-point-sins. And yet his encouragements were strange and surprisingly shared:

"Don't look at the speck in your brother's/sister's eye when there is a log in your own" (Matthew 7:3).

"You have heard that the ancients were told, 'You shall not commit murder' and 'Whoever commits murder (finger-point-sin) shall be liable to the court.' But I say to you that everyone who is angry (shared-sin) with his brother shall be guilty before the court" (Matthew 5:21-22).

"You have heard that it was said, 'You shall not commit adultery' (finger-point-sin); but I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lust for her (shared-sin) has already committed adultery with her in his heart" (Matthew 5:27-28).

"Let the one who is without sin among you, be the first to throw a stone" (John 10:7).

Jesus invited his people to look at the shared struggles that we all face and even to have the courage to examine our own souls and name the sin that is there.

Jesus' encouragements are for self-examination first. Jesus invited his people to look at the shared struggles that we all face and even to have the courage to examine our own souls and name the sin that is there.

In light of that, I wonder if we need to start by talking about death. And in response to the words of Jesus, I want to take a few minutes to put my finger-pointing away and instead …

I repent that I support, create, and defend a culture of death. I am, in fact, pro-death:

My repentance

I repent of the things I have done and of the things I have left undone:

  • I repent that I live a pro-death lifestyle.
  • I repent of the ways I have killed by harboring hatred in my heart (Matthew 5:21-22).
  • I repent of the ways I have hoarded money while people across my city and across the world die daily of hunger.
  • I repent of my whining over the cost of health care with little thought of the millions who die of curable diseases every day.
  • I repent that I revel in the death portrayed on movie, TV, and computer screens.
  • I repent of my patterns of consumerism that contribute both to the death of forests, oceans, and food-supplies, and lead to the mass-destruction of communities across the world.
  • I repent that I have participated in a society that hides the elderly away in institutions to die alone; all the while I am spared the inconvenience of watching their slow death.
  • I repent of anytime I have found satisfaction in a thought like: That person got what was coming to them.
  • I repent of the ways that I cheer for "our" soldiers and give little thought to the untold numbers that die on the other side of the battle lines.
  • I repent of the ways that I contribute to a society where some women feel so lost and alone, and believe that killing their unborn is their only choice.
  • I repent that our churches are perceived as unwelcoming and judgmental so those with needs for community and assistance do not feel free to come or simply ask for help.
  • I repent that I ignore systemic patterns of death (killings, addictions, unwanted pregnancies, etc.) among poor, marginalized, or oppressed ethnic/cultural communities.
  • I repent of anytime I have secretly celebrated a particular person's (or group of people's) destiny to hell/judgment.
  • I repent of any acrimonious delight I have found in someone's sentence to prison (living-death) or their execution.
  • I repent that I benefit from a society where diseases have been celebrated as just (e.g. HIV-AIDS) and disasters are called "God's judgment" (Hurricane Katrina and the French Quarter.)
  • I repent of the ways I fund slavery (living-death) by ignorantly purchasing everyday commodities (http://slaveryfootprint.org/).
  • I repent of the ways that I wistfully keep my dollars (and vote for my nation's dollars) away from aiding the very real needs around the world: clean water, hygiene, access to medicine, access to nutritious food, and genocide fueled by debt and injustice.
  • I repent that I perpetuate a living-death when I turn my head from my outdoor-dwelling neighbors or worse … when I don't notice them at all.
  • I repent of the ways that I aid death by not giving my time, talents, or money to services that help pregnant mothers along their pregnancy path (or support men and women generally along life's path).
  • I repent that I do not help foster an interconnected neighborhood, and so my neighbors feel alone, desperate and with no one to ask for help.
  • I repent of all the times I have pointed an accusation at another's participation in death while ignoring my daily death contributions.
  • I repent that everyday I ignore Jesus' exhortation: "Let the one who is without sin, throw the first stone."

Lord, have mercy on me, a sinner.

A Mother’s Hope for a Better World

The significance of raising good kids in an age of bad news.

Her.meneutics August 4, 2014
donnieray / Flickr

For all the autonomy and civil liberties allowed us in the West, few places seem as powerless and irrelevant as a quaint suburban home during times of global civil unrest. The events of July 17, 2014—the day MH-17 was shot out of the sky with 298 souls on board, the day Israel launched its ground offensive into Gaza—drove this point home for me.

Like many others, world events already had me troubled. I'd been dreaming of the Central American mothers sending their children, their babies, on an unaccompanied journey of 1,000 miles through dangerous territory. The macabre massacre of Christians in Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, and Kenya left me guilt-ridden over my own relative safety and questioning how efficacious I'd been in stewarding my liberties.

I've long been frustrated by my own impotence to enact meaningful change. What could I do about the desecration of the bodies in the eastern Ukrainian sunflower fields? What were my prayers against the towering history of civil unrest in Israel? I am just a poet, a work-at-home mom in Middle America. My children are young, and the bulk of my energy and life are hidden inside theirs. And though sometimes I worry that it is all for naught and I struggle with guilt over not being able to do more, I know the aim of these years of deep investment in the character of my children is a better, kinder world.

In The New York Times, Wharton professor Adam Grant discussed the research on what it takes to raise a moral child. For all the emphasis we put on wanting our children to be successful, it seems that what parents the world over want most all is to raise thoughtful, caring individuals. One study found that in more than 50 countries, what matters most of all to parents is that our children be benevolent, good, and kind. The trouble is that we're not always able to do that. In an Israeli study of 600 families, researchers found parents who strongly desire to instill moral values frequently aren't able to do so.

Though parents report a desire to raise moral, caring individuals, children aren't getting that message. In a another study of 10,000 middle and high school students in 33 schools across the country, researchers at the Harvard School of Education found that when it comes to what children value, caring ranks a distant third behind both achievement and personal happiness.

Children neither prioritize caring for others nor see key people in their lives, including parents and teachers, as prioritizing it. Only 19 percent of students said that caring was their parents' top priority, while 54 percent reported achievement and 27 percent happiness as their parents' top priority.

In their report titled, "The Children We Mean to Raise: The Real Messages Adults are Sending About Values," Harvard researchers Rick Weissbourd and Stephanie Jones state, "Our conversations and observations [with parents and teachers] … reveal that despite what they say, in their daily interactions with children, many parents and other adults are prioritizing happiness and achievement over children's attention to others." According to their findings, "The power and frequency of parents' messages about achievement and happiness often drown out their messages about concern for others."

Weissbourd suggests five strategies to raise kind kids:

  1. Make caring for others a priority. When you tell your children they're beautiful, handsome, or smart, couple these compliments with the admonition that appearance and intelligence aren't as important as the kind of people they are.
  2. Provide opportunities for children to practice caring and gratitude. Provide opportunities for your children to serve others in your home, neighborhood, or church. Since gratitude tends to result in more generous, caring behavior, keep a gratitude journal with your children.
  3. Expand your child's circle of concern. Open their eyes to the needs around them beyond their small circle of family and friends.
  4. Be a strong role model and mentor. Be the kind of person you want your children to become. If you're taking part in a ministry, bring them along if possible.
  5. 5. Guide children in managing destructive feelings. Negative feelings such as anger, shame, and envy are often hindrances to kindness. Though all feelings are acceptable, there are ways to deal with them that are better than others.

Sociologist Neil Postman wrote, "Children are the living messages we send to a time we will not see." Motherhood tethered me to the world in ways I had not anticipated. My daughter Ellie was born in the middle of a societal hurricane. The Dow Jones Industrial Average had toppled 700 points in a single day—the greatest single-day loss in history. Corporations and families alike—ours included—hemorrhaged under the fiscal blow. The two wars that raged in Afghanistan and Iraq didn't seem like minor skirmishes on a distant stage.

I anguished over the world I was bringing this tiny, innocent infant into, and it wasn't until many months later that I finally understood the kind of world she grows up in matters far less than the kind of person I help her become.

My children are my living messages to the world and to the future I will not see, and my hope against hope is that this message is that regardless of whatever global civil unrest may come, that evil will not, in the end, prevail and that there are people in the world who are good, strong, kind, and brave.

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