Bad Ideas Have Consequences

The Times should have run a correction. Instead, it might change government policy

Sometimes it doesn’t matter how many T’s you cross and I’s you dot, or how careful you are to color inside the lines; someone is going to accuse you of breaking the rules. That’s what Samaritan’s Purse found out March 5 when an article in The New York Times began, “An American evangelical relief group that is using private donations and United States government money to help victims of two earthquakes has blurred the line between church and state as its volunteers preach, pray, and seek converts among people desperate for help.”

The article continued along this not-so-objective vein, supplementing the canard with quotes from anonymous sources who “privately complain that members of Congress have put pressure on them to finance the group’s work, even though they have serious reservations about its proselytizing.”

Samaritan’s Purse, headed by Franklin Graham, countered with a convincing press release. The organization noted that federal funds accounted for less than 3 percent of its budget last year, that “they are used strictly and exclusively to fund the purchase of. … relief supplies, and are never used to fund any of our direct Christian ministry,” and that such federal grants are strictly monitored and audited.

The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) “has never questioned or challenged our use of federal grants,” the press release said. “Even The New York Times article contains no charge that we have failed to adhere to these federal guidelines.” But the most devastating point in the press release notes, “While USAID has made a commitment of $257,000 for various components of Samaritan’s Purse’s ongoing work in El Salvador, as of today [it has] not funded this grant, meaning that none of the work in El Salvador described by The New York Times was funded with USAID dollars—not one nickel.”

One might have expected The New York Times to offer an apology, a correction, or at least a clarification. Instead, a follow-up story reported USAID’s reaction to the paper’s “discovery”: it gave Samaritan’s Purse a stern warning. The agency called the organization “fully competent,” and said it had broken no rules. Still, Samaritan’s Purse was warned to “maintain adequate and sufficient separation between its prayer sessions and its USAID -funded activities,” and to avoid the appearance that government funds were supporting religious purposes.

So now Samaritan’s Purse and other Christian relief agencies face closer scrutiny and possible regulatory intrusion into their efforts; all this despite their having done nothing wrong.

The tale serves as a warning: Even if we get the public policies we want, we will forever be fighting the same battles in the press and the courts. No better example of this is provided than continuing skirmishes in schools. In early 2000, the Department of Education sent religious-liberty guidelines to every public school in the United States, the result of an unprecedented agreement between widely diverse groups. But despite the guidelines’ clear approval of students’ sharing their faith and forming Bible clubs, many school administrators are still clamping down.

This caution is particularly appropriate as evangelicals lobby for charitable-choice legislation. We may find the perfect ways to ensure against church-state entanglement, but a few bad newspaper articles or a rogue regulator could moot our carefully constructed guidelines. Be vigilant.

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

The original New York Times article, “U.S. Aids Conversion-Minded Quake Relief in El Salvador,” and the follow-up, “U.S. Cautions Group on Mixing Religion and Salvador Quake Aid,” are both available at The New York Times Web site, but a free registration is required.

Samaritan’s Purse Web site has the organization’s press release countering The New York Times accusations, as well an opinion piece Franklin Graham wrote for The News & Observer.

The Associated Press and Religion News Service’s Dale Hanson Bourke also covered the controversy.

London’s Financial Times and The Independent have written about Franklin Graham’s role in drawing attention to atrocities in the Sudan.

Christianity Todayprofiled Franklin Graham in 1999.

The Violent Face of Jihad in Indonesia

What you can do to help persecuted Christians in Indonesia

In the morass of civil strife still terrorizing residents of Indonesia’s Maluku Islands after more than two years, Christian families are forced at gunpoint to convert to Islam in rituals that include genital mutilation for females and dull-bladed circumcision for males. Those who refuse to convert are killed by jihad warriors, who afterward display the severed heads of some victims as a warning to others.

News reports and fact-finding efforts by advocacy groups confirm that ordinary Christians on the islands of Ambon, Kesui, and Teor have been killed for refusing to convert to Islam since last year, when a Muslim jihad (holy war) militia launched a campaign to rid the area of Christianity. This armed “religious cleansing” began after a year of civil war had been waged with machetes, spears, and bows and arrows between Christians and Muslims, who previously lived together peaceably.

Indonesia is 83 percent Muslim. Christians make up 13 percent of the population, but the figure (including both Protestants and Catholics) is near 50 percent in parts of the Malukus. The arrival of the jihad warriors to Ambon, Kesui, and Teor from nearby islands reportedly came in response to nominally Christian gangs forcing Muslims to convert during the machete-and-spear phase of the conflict; some also suspect Muslim warriors came to quell the independence movement.

Government security forces sent to maintain order are ineffective, as well as divided—some supporting and others opposing President Abdurrahman Wahid. Within this context, in which at least 5,000 people on both sides have been killed, 3,000 armed jihad warriors have forced thousands of unarmed Christians in Ambon, Kesui, and Teor to flee to mountain jungles to escape death or forced conversion. Their homes are often torched.

Local peace talks have begun, but atrocities and jihad street battles with nominally Christian bands of armed young men continue. Still, the vast majority of Christians do not retaliate against the invaders, advocacy groups say. Civilian Christians surviving attacks of the Muslim jihad are typically gathered into mosques, where, according to the Southern Baptist Convention’s International Mission Board (IMB), they are forced under threat of death to perform conversion rituals.

After such an ordeal last December, one 32-year-old woman described to IMB representatives how she was given no painkillers or antiseptic when a Muslim woman cut off her clitoris with a knife. Some men circumcised under the same conditions developed infections.

• Contact the Indonesian embassy in Washington to urge the government of President Wahid to protect civilians from invading jihad warriors.

Send a fax to the embassy at 202.775.5365. Or write to:

• Urge TV networks to bring the situation to light.

Send faxes to:

• Pray for peace and for those under attack.

• Contribute to the relief effort for refugees in the jungle:

• Check for the latest updates on the Indonesian situation at the IMB Web site (www.IMB.org/CompassionNet/countries.asp).

Suggested Action


Indonesia chafes especially raw at foreign interference, and contacting the government in Jakarta could worsen the plight of the Christians in the Maluku Islands who are suffering for their faith, according to IMB representatives in the country. It is more helpful to:

Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia
2020 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036

ABC: 212.456.2795
CBS: 212.975.9387
CNN: 404.878.0891
NBC: 201.583.5453

International Mission Board
General Relief-Ambon
P.O. Box 6767
Richmond, VA 23230

International Christian Concern (ICC)
2020 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., No. 941
Washington, d.c. 20006-1846

—Jeff M. Sellers

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

Previous Christianity Today stories about Indonesia include:

Persecuted Indonesian Christians Evacuated | International Christian Concern and Christian Aid raising $1.2 million to rescue 7,000 (Mar. 19, 2001)

Indonesian Province’s Anniversary Protest Controlled | Violence was anticipated from independence fighters who massacred non-Papuan Christians last month. (Dec. 4, 2000)

Christians and Muslims Still Fighting, Dying in Ambon | Governor, others decline to intervene in jihad attacks. (Oct. 4, 2000)

Indonesian Island Attacks Go Unnoticed | World ignoring plight of Christians in Ambon, visitors say. (Aug. 21, 2000)

Daily Life in the Maluku Islands: Chaos, Fear, and the Threat of Violence | Christians plead for international monitoring to prevent Jihad raids, and more aid for refugees. (Aug. 1, 2000)

Churches Pressure for Swift Action to Calm Maluku Violence | Indonesian army joining in attacks on Christians. (July 21, 2000)

Indonesian Religious Riot Death Toll Dwarfs 30 New Corpses | Death count has passed 1,700. (Mar.3, 2000)

Maluku Islands Unrest Spreads to Greater Indonesia | Violence on Lombok Island may hasten government intervention. (Jan. 25, 2000)

Ministries Intensify As East Timorese Refugee Camps Grow | Evangelicals working furiously to meet physical and spiritual needs. (Sept. 6, 1999)

Dozens Die in New Clashes | 95 killed in religious riots in Maluku province. (Mar. 1, 1999)

Christians Killed, Churches Burned | Muslim mobs vent their rage against Indonesian Christians. (Jan. 11, 1999)

Muslim Mobs Destroy Churches | 10 Protestant churches severely damaged in riots. (Sept. 16, 1996)

For news updates and opinion pieces about Indonesia, see Yahoo’s full coverage area.

Ideas

Quotations to Stir Mind and Heart

Quotations to stir heart and mind during Holy Week

Jesus did not die in bed.Daniel Migliore, class lecture, Princeton Theological SeminaryChrist has not only spoken to us by his life but has also spoken for us by his death.Søren Kierkegaard’s Journals and PapersMake no mistake: if He rose at all/It was as His body.John Updike, from “Seven Stanzas at Easter”Why did christianity arise, and why did it take the shape it did? The early Christians themselves reply: We exist because of Jesus’ resurrection. … There is no evidence for a form of early Christianity in which the resurrection was not a central belief. Nor was this belief, as it were, bolted on to Christianity at the edge. It was the central driving force, informing the whole movement.N. T. Wright, The Challenge of JesusIt is not experiences that create faith, but faith that creates experience. The firm lodestone of faith is not provided by the inner experiences of the Spirit, good and important though these are, but by the community with Christ, in the living and dying and rising again with him.Jürgen Moltmann, The Source of LifeI don’t preach Jesus’ story in light of my experience as some sort of helpful symbol or myth that is helpfully illumined by my story. Rather, I am invited by Easter to interpret my story in the light of God’s triumph in the resurrection. Only because we worship a resurrected Lord can we risk preaching.William H. Willimon, “Easter Preaching as Peculiar Speech,” in Exilic PreachingGolgotha, the place of the skull, where nails smashed through the wrists and feet of Jesus, the teacher from Nazareth in Galilee, can stand for the skulls of every genocide. Betrayal by friends, self-preserving denial, making sport with prisoners, the mockery of crowds, spectators drawn to the spectacle, the soldiers doing their duty and dicing for his clothes, a mother in agony, and a knot of women helplessly looking on—it happens time, and time, and time again.Richard John Neuhaus, First ThingsWe live and die. Christ died and lived!John R. W. Stott, What Christ Thinks of the ChurchThe theological power of the [Cross] derives not from how Christ’s crucifixion differs from all other crucifixions but from its essential similarity. … Christ died in precisely the same way that so many other thousands of God’s children had already died and would die in the future—many because of their loyalty to him. … As he was given to us by means of the most common of births, he was taken from us by the most common of deaths.Don C. Skinner, A Passage Through Sacred History

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

See last year’s Reflections on Good Friday and Easter Sunday, as well as similar Holy Week Reflections columns from 1999, 1998, and 1997.

Other Christianity Today articles on Holy Week include:

Amassed Media: Talk About the Passion | The best online resources about the history, significance, and experience of Holy Week. (Apr. 19, 2000)

‘Hell Took a Body, and Discovered God’ | One of the oldest and best Easter sermons, now 1,600 years old, is still preached today. (Apr. 17, 2000)

The Benefit of the Doubt | The disciple Thomas reveals an important truth about faith. (Apr. 7, 2000)

How Green Is Easter? | Celebration of Jesus’ resurrection is more than being glad about the return of spring (Apr. 5, 1999)

Did God Die on the Cross? | As Jesus’ life was a divine person’s totally human life, so his dying was a divine person’s totally human death. (Apr. 5, 1999)

Grave Matters | Take away the Resurrection and the center of Christianity collapses (Apr. 6, 1998)

Jesus v. Sanhedrin | Why Jesus “lost” his trial. (Apr. 6, 1998)

Where Have They Laid My Lord? | A pilgrim’s tale of two tombs. (Mar. 3, 1997)

The Great Reversal (March 17, 1989)
    •Maundy Thursday | By Walter Wangerin, Jr.

    •Good Friday | By Virginia Stem Owens

    •Holy Saturday | By Eugene H. Peterson

    •Easter Sunday | By Philip Yancey

The Scars of Easter | He knows the wounds of humanity. His hands prove it. By Paul Brand with Philip Yancey (Apr. 5, 1985)

Past Reflections columns include:

Theology

Readers’ Forum: Truth at Risk

Six leading openness theologians say that many assumptions made about their views are simply wrong

The Christianity Today interview with Royce Gruenler, “God at Risk” (March 5), contained so many errors concerning openness of God theology that we wonder whether he really intended to give an honest and accurate account of our views. We hope he did intend this, but if so, he failed abjectly. It distresses us to see these misconceptions disseminated in the Christian community.

Gruenler, for example, says we are “Pelagian.” This is false. We, along with the Eastern Orthodox Church, Wesleyans, and Arminians, believe that God grants us the “enabling grace” to come to faith in Christ. Contrary to Gruenler’s assertion, we believe no human can initiate salvation. We do affirm that humans have the God-given free will to reject God’s grace.

But this does not mean that God’s power is limited. He remains omnipotent, and he could bring the world to a close at any moment, if he chose to. But God does not always exercise his power. When we wrestle with our children, we don’t lose power, we simply restrain the full exercise of our power. The issue is not divine power but the type of beings God created and the sort of covenant God has made with us.

Gruenler claims we have only an “aesthetic” view of the Atonement. This may be true of process thought, but it does not come close to accurately depicting what any evangelical openness theologian believes. We agree with Gruenler that Jesus’ death and resurrection are the divine means whereby God reconciled all things to himself. Apart from Jesus’ work on our behalf there would be no redemption.

On the problem of evil, we acknowledge that God is responsible for creating a world where evil is possible. Gruenler correctly says we believe that God takes risks and that God has been disappointed by our sin. But in claiming that we bypass the “biblical” definition of human freedom (by which he means the Calvinistic definition), he identifies the biblical view with theological determinism. We, along with the vast majority of Christians, reject this deterministic theology. In our view, God takes the risk that we will not do everything God wants us to do. Hence, some of God’s desires may go unfulfilled—which is what Scripture says at many points—but this certainly does not put God himself at risk, as Gruenler suggests.

Gruenler says, falsely, that we deny there can be biblical prophecy. Each of us affirms prophecy, and we believe the open view is the best explanation for all the types of prophecies found in Scripture. We believe that some of the future is definite and some is indefinite. God does not determine everything about the future, but he does determine whatever he chooses to, since he is the sovereign Lord of history! In criticizing our view of God and time, Gruenler assumes that God has to be timeless in order to be omnipresent and omniscient. The issue is whether God experiences sequence in thoughts and emotions. We believe the Bible teaches that God has emotions (e.g., grief, Gen. 6:6) and can change his mind (Jon. 4:2), and these are things a timeless being simply cannot do!

Finally, Gruenler says our God “is not a very helpful God,” but he fails to interact with what we have said about the sort of help the openness God can provide. God has all the wisdom and power necessary to help us—God can heal, guide, teach, and love us. We believe that God is profoundly involved in our lives. Gruenler’s criticism presupposes that only a God who controls every detail—including our own decisions—can help us. We who embrace a partly open view of the future reject this assumption—but so do all non-Calvinist Christians. Many readers will find abrasive this cavalier dismissal of the entire Arminian tradition.

John Sanders teaches religion and philosophy at Huntington (Ind.) College and is author of The God Who Risks (InterVarsity). Clark Pinnock teaches theology at McMaster Divinity College (Ontario, Canada) and is editor of The Openness of God (InterVarsity). Greg Boyd teaches theology at Bethel College and Seminary (Minneapolis) and is author of God of the Possible (Baker). William Hasker teaches philosophy at Huntington College and is author of God, Time, and Knowledge (Cornell). Richard Rice teaches theology at La Sierra University (Riverside, Calif.) and is author of God’s Foreknowledge and Man’s Free Will (Bethany). David Basinger teaches philosophy at Roberts Wesleyan College (Rochester, N.Y.) and is coauthor of Predestination and Free Will: Four Views of Divine Sovereignty and Human Freedom (InterVarsity).

Christopher A. Hall, who teaches theology at Eastern College (St. Davids, Pa.), and John Sanders will engage in an e-mail debate about openness theology in the May 21 issue of CT.

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

These openness theologians are referring to the article “God at Risk | A former process theologian says a 30-percent God is not worth worshiping.”

Other Christianity Today articles on openness theology include:

Did Open Debate Help The Openness Debate? | It’s been centuries since Luther nailed his theses to a church door, but the Internet is reintroducing theological debate to the public square. (Feb. 16, 2001)

God vs. God | Two competing theologies vie for the future of evangelicalism (Feb. 7, 2000).

Do Good Fences Make Good Baptists? | The SBC’s new Faith and Message brings needed clarity—but maybe at the cost of honest diversity. (Aug. 8, 2000)

The Perils of Left and Right | Evangelical theology is much bigger and richer than our two-party labels. (Aug. 10, 1998)

The Future of Evangelical Theology | Roger Olson argues that a division between traditionalists and reformists threatens to end our theological consensus. (Feb. 9, 1998)

A Pilgrim on the Way | For me, theology is like a rich feast, with many dishes to enjoy and delicacies to taste. (Feb. 9, 1998)

A Theology to Die For | Theologians are not freelance scholars of religion, but trustees of the deposit of faith. (Feb. 9, 1998)

The Real Reformers are Traditionalists | If there is no immune system to resist heresy, there will soon be nothing but the teeming infestation of heresy. (Feb. 9, 1998)

Ideas

My House, God’s House

Columnist

Hospitality is not merely good manners but a ministry of healing

We all remember the story of Mary and Martha. Mary was commended for her attentiveness, Martha admonished for her busy-ness. Many of us find it hard not to sympathize with Martha. After all, somebody had to cook dinner. She was trying to be hospitable!

Every culture in the world holds up some standard of hospitality as a basis for civilized behavior. The word shares the same root as hospital and hospice, both having to do with caregiving and healing. Hospitality is a form of healing: in extending food, shelter, rest, and good conversation, one is providing a place where people may be healed from the bruises and buffeting of a culture in which overcommitment has become a virtue and home a launching pad.

Students I know who have gone on mission trips to Mexico and Central America have invariably returned humbled and amazed at the generous hospitality of the very poor people they encounter. Some of them, somewhat to their dismay, have been given the only bed in the house while family members sleep on mats.

As middle-class consumers in the wealthiest nation in the world, most of us can extend hospitality without depriving ourselves. We give out of our abundance. We have guest rooms or foldout sofas, something on the shelf we can whip into a meal on short notice, or a deli around the corner we can call. But, reminded daily of crime, scams, and antisocial behavior, we are wary of strangers, and generally don’t allow anyone in our houses but those we know and love—including the occasional difficult relative. I’m not necessarily suggesting we round up the homeless and sit them down at our tables, though such a gesture is not unthinkable. But I am suggesting that we take time to perhaps enlarge our notions about hospitality.

I was recently at a retreat where a young minister told us, rather ruefully, that his wife would give anything away. If she learned that someone needed something, she’d just hand it over—a blanket, an electric mixer, the food in the refrigerator. This was sometimes disconcerting and inconvenient for the family. But her reasoning was simple: “It’s all God’s stuff.” I’ve thought about that funny little sentence many times since. Frequently when I find myself deciding whether to loan or give or donate something that is “mine,” it comes back to me: “It’s all God’s stuff.”

Christians are specifically called to break out of their insularity, look need in the face, and recognize in it the face of Christ. One of the clearest mandates in the ancient Rule of St. Benedict, still observed in monastic communities all over the world, is “Receive all guests as Christ.” And in the letter to the Hebrews we read, “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for by doing that some have entertained angels without knowing it.”

Does all this sharing mean lavish expenditure or improvidence? I don’t think so. One wise woman I knew declared that if she had a chance to entertain one of the great spiritual leaders of the day, she wouldn’t bother with a big meal. “I’d just give him a bowl of cereal,” she said, “and tell him to start talking.” Her “cereal solution” brings me to another point: hospitality begins not in food, but in conversation. In encounter. In eye contact. In attentive listening.

Basic conversational skills are an important dimension of Christian charity: possibly the most important way of attending to guests. In French the word for attend (attendre) means to wait. When we attend to one another, we give time. We wait, for instance, long enough to hear what the hesitant have to say. As good hosts, it may be our part to “bring them out.” Engaging people in good conversation is a gracious art, and a way of extending grace. The idea of social graces is not entirely separable from the theological idea of grace. The give and take of good conversation involves not only sprightly speaking but thoughtfully receiving others’ observations.

And this brings up a final bit of reflection: hospitality includes receiving. When we are the recipients—when we stay with relatives, for example, we are called to practice another sort of hospitality: to receive with humility, gratitude, and an uncritical spirit what is offered in love—to remember that we are to receive every good thing as from the hand of God. To consider hospitality in this way is to recognize that it always involves exchange—and that we are never in a position to calculate the final value of what is given and what is received. Portia’s words about the quality of mercy apply also to this virtue, rightly exercised: “It blesseth him that gives and him that takes.”

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

Read the story of Mary and Martha in various translations: NIV | NLT | NASB | KJV | NKJV | RSV

In a May 2000 Christianity Today article, Stephen Winzenburg lamented, “Whatever Happened to Hospitality? | Even in churches, many believers feel safer ignoring those they don’t know.”

A recent issue of Christianity Today looks at how Florida churches are extending hospitality to Haitian immigrants. Hospitality has also been covered by several of Christianity Today‘s sister publications. Books & Culture reviewed Christine Pohl’s Making Room: Recovering Hospitality as a Christian Tradition. Your Church magazine has an article on building hospitality into historic churches, and Marriage Partnership looks at how husbands and wives can often have different approaches to hospitality. Virtue, now sadly defunct, offers an article on the virtue of hospitality. Leadership has two articles on hospitality. The first discusses ways churches can practice hospitality toward those new to a church. The second looks at how one pastor and his wife opened up their home to parishioners and the lessons they’ve learned from that experience. Leadership also discusses how churches can function in an age of rampant individualism.

Spirtuality of Work in the Hospitality Industry” compares the practice of hospitality in classical, biblical, and modern worlds. David Gowler of Emory University has posted an essay on Jesus’ hospitality that shows how Jesus’ understanding of hospitality differed from that of the scribes and Pharisees.

Christine Pohl wrote an article for Sojourners magazine summarizing many of the themes of her book on hospitality. The Diocese of Antwerp (Belgium) also has a brief historical overview of Christian hospitality.

Previous McEntyre columns for Christianity Today include:

Rx for Moral Fussbudgets | Good guilt entails more than repentance for merely personal sins. (Mar. 19, 2001)

Community, Not Commodity | Let us acknowledge, and even mourn, what we lose when worship meets media. (Jan. 16, 2001)

Nice Is Not the Point | Sometimes love is sharp, hard-edged, confusing, and seemingly unfair. (Nov. 29, 2000)

The Fullness of Time | I’d like life to be a series of pauses like a poem, rather than a fast-paced, page-turner airport novel. (Oct. 12, 2000)

‘I’ve Been Through Things’ | Meditating on “Honor your father and your mother.” (Sept. 6, 2000)

Silence Is to Dwell In | An hour of quiet is a rare gift, hard to come by in an ordinary week, even for those who seek it. (Aug. 10, 2000)

Old Wisdom for New Times

The International Bible Society is doing spiritual archaeology and retro-publishing to reach seekers

At the dawn of the 21st century, Bible societies find themselves facing a brave new post-Christian world. The problem isn’t a lack of Bibles but rather an unprecedented lack of biblical literacy among both the churched and the unchurched. That’s a curious problem in a country where publishers sell millions of copies of the Bible every year.

In fact, as pastor Brian McLaren writes in Finding Faith (Zondervan 1999), the Bible is the next-to-last place seekers turn to find spiritual guidance. (The last place, McLaren claims, is the church.)

Glenn Paauw (pronounced “pow”) of the International Bible Society (IBS) believes this can change. “The signs are all around us: American culture is on a spiritual search,” says Paauw, director of product development for the Colorado Springs-based ministry. Paauw sees a phenomenal opportunity for ministry, and he doubts that ministries like IBS can respond to it merely by doing business as usual.

Founded as the New York Bible Society in 1809, IBS spent its first century on pioneering distribution programs that placed Scriptures directly in the hands of people who needed them, including sunburned bathers on America’s beaches and frostbitten members of Richard Byrd’s expeditions to the North and South poles. The society also placed Bibles in hotel rooms half a century before Gideons International existed.

But the 20th century brought big changes to IBS. Acting on pleas from evangelists and the National Association of Evangelicals for a faithful but readable English Bible translation, IBS commissioned the New International version (NIV) translation in 1967. First published in 1978—through an arrangement that grants Zondervan rights to publish various retail editions but allows IBS to create low-cost ministry editions—the NIV rapidly became the most popular contemporary translation, bringing the organization newfound prominence and millions of dollars in annual income.

Ironically, the ministry’s evolution took it further away from both its humble origins and its historic commitment to putting Scriptures directly in the hands of people who needed them.

“It’s easy to become a cog in the parachurch machine,” says Paauw, who found himself growing eager to do something different through IBS. “We were missing an unprecedented opportunity.”

With minimal funding, Paauw invited interested IBS employees to join something he called the “direct-to-culture” group, which consists of highly motivated people like himself who squeeze time for the group’s activities out of already overbooked schedules.

The group draws part of its inspiration from these verses in Hebrews 13, as rendered by Eugene Peterson’s translation in The Message: “So let’s go outside, where Jesus is, where the action is—not trying to be privileged insiders, but taking our share in the abuse of Jesus. This ‘insider’ world is not our home.”

One of the first challenges Paauw gave the group was to begin conducting “spiritual archaeology,” a form of cultural research he defines as “finding out what people think about Christianity, Christians, and the Bible.” Some of the group’s initial findings were less than encouraging.

During the past two years, members of the direct-to-culture group have assembled a diverse collection of “contemporary spiritual artifacts” such as spiritually themed consumer goods, best-selling books, and popular magazines and musical recordings.

These artifacts included copies of Oprah Winfrey’s O magazine, books (What Would Buddha Do?), compact discs (Jonathan Elias’s The Prayer Cycle and a musical companion to Neal Donald Walsch’s Conversations with God books), and a bottle of “Blue Mandarin Zen” hand and body cream, part of the “Time Out for Spirituality” line at Sears.

The message of the various artifacts is clear: many Americans are seeking spiritual solace anywhere but in the pages of the Bible, which is increasingly seen as irrelevant or even harmful.

Paauw’s group found other problems people had with the Good Book.

“They see the Bible as a malleable text that can be made to say anything religious leaders want it to say,” he says. “Others associate it with a wrathful Old Testament God or the intolerance of the Religious Right, and some people see it as demeaning to women or even harmful to people’s spiritual lives.”

For example, a cover story in the summer 1998 issue of The Wilson Quarterly asked, “Is the Bible Bad News for Women?” One answer came in the October installment of “Soul Searching,” a regular column in Glamour magazine. “Sure, the Bible tells you not to sleep with your married neighbor, but did you know it also encourages slavery?” asked the column, which also interpreted the Bible as saying that “women make good slaves” (Exodus 21:7) and “menstruation is bad” (Leviticus 15:19-24).

But Paauw, who spends more time than most men in scanning women’s magazines, says not all contemporary artifacts are so critical. O magazine includes ecumenical Bible studies among its offerings of spirituality and inspiration. The July/August 2000 issue, for example, featured an article about the Parable of the Prodigal Son, complete with an introduction by Hillary Clinton, an essay by Henri J. M. Nouwen, and group discussion questions.

“Cultural connotations may keep people away from the Bible,” says Paauw, a graduate of Calvin College and Calvin Theological Seminary. “But the response people have had to things like Bill Moyers’s Genesis Project demonstrate that when they get a chance to experience it apart from those connotations, they’re eager to do so.”

Repackaging the Bible

Paauw also believes long-cherished Bible formats represent formidable obstacles to people who might otherwise turn to Scripture for kernels of spiritual truth.

“In most traditional Bibles, the actual text is broken up by a series of chapter divisions and verse numbers that destroy the narrative flow and serve as an impediment to unchurched readers,” he says. “And the text often is sandwiched between unattractive black covers that make it look less inviting than any of the thousands of other books people see in mainstream bookstores.”

During the past two years, Paauw has been investigating ancient church history to devise new ways of packaging the Bible. For example, the Wisdom Chronicles is a series of four CD-sized booklets featuring passages from Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, Job, and the words of Jesus. Bible books are packaged separately, much as they were for the first millennium of the church, when hand-inscribed vellum copies of biblical books were simply too bulky to be bound together into one comprehensive volume.

And in the lavishly illustrated volume titled David, which is part of IBS’s new People of the Book series, the story is told in a narrative format much like a contemporary novel. Though the text comes straight from the NIV, it is packaged without chapter and verse divisions, which were first added to Bibles in the 16th century.

“Some people get offended that these books don’t have Holy Bible stamped on the cover or numbers before each verse, or all the biblical books bound together in one volume,” Paauw says. “They say we’re compromising by repackaging Scripture. But I believe these products are closer in form to what the Bible was in earlier centuries. They also happen to be more attractive to contemporary readers.”

Having developed new Bible formats, the next challenge was finding alternatives to traditional evangelical “delivery systems,” most of which fail to reach large swaths of the American public. Here again, the direct-to-culture group did its thinking far outside the box.

First group members created a new identity for the group’s activities. “We didn’t think everyone would embrace products imprinted with the name International Bible Society, so we created a new name for these products: IBS Publishing,” Pauuw says.

The team then began placing ads in magazines like Sierra (which had published a theme issue on “spirituality and the environment” and Utne Reader, which featured a cover story called “Designer God” about how people can create their own mix-and-match religions.

Additional ads are scheduled for Harper’s, Rolling Stone, and Vanity Fair magazines. These ads will include the address for the direct-to-culture group’s Web site (www.onedeepwell.com), which provides a phone number people can call to request free booklets.

The group also arranged for 60,000 households in the Seattle area to receive copies of Luke’s version of the Christmas story on December 22. The Bible portions were enclosed in a plastic bag holding that morning’s copy of The Seattle Times. “Using demographic research, we found that Seattle’s high-tech suburbs were one of the most unchurched regions in the country,” Paauw says. “So that’s where we thought portions of the Bible might be helpful.”

Paauw says he still faces unanswerable questions about the program’s success. “It’s difficult to calculate what ‘success’ means with activities like these,” he says. “But for me, I guess it all comes down to whether or not we’re okay believing that the Holy Spirit works through the words of the Word.”

Steve Rabey is the author of In Search of Authentic Faith (WaterBrook).

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

The International Bible Society‘s site is directed to the visitor already familiar with the Bible, and focuses on offering Scripture resources in a variety of languages. It is also a partner with the popular Bible Gateway.

The IBS site also has a press release about its David book.

Onedeepwell.com offers resources for those unfamiliar with the Bible. One area offers articles on architecture and overview, another focuses on specific books, and a third looks at popular culture’s interaction with the Bible.

The Wisdom Chronicles site offers the online equivalent of the small books.

Other International Bible Society sites examine creation, the apocalypse, grieving, and other topics.

IBS’s Light magazine has several articles on repackaging Scripture.

Books

Reimagining Missions

Two scholars seek to rescue the Great Commission from narrowly evangelistic readings, but their answers may be dangerously wide

The dream of fulfilling the Great Commission has been with the church ever since Christ first gave it on a Galilean hillside 2,000 years ago. Statisticians David Barrett and Todd Johnson estimate that 250 world evangelization plans had been proposed by the year 1900, and another 1,150 more were advanced in the 20th century.

Changing the Mind of Missions: Where Have We Gone Wrong?

Changing the Mind of Missions: Where Have We Gone Wrong?

IVP

192 pages

$15.65

After the late John R. Mott’s famous challenge, “The evangelization of the world in this generation,” went unmet in the 19th and early 20th centuries, missionary interest declined drastically, thanks in part to the spread of theological liberalism and the horrors of the Great War. Missiologists, missionaries, and agency leaders have wondered whether the worldwide evangelical missions community is facing a similar loss of public interest now that the goal of the ad2000 and Beyond Movement—”a church for every people and the gospel for every person by A.D. 2000″—has also failed.

Finding more respected and influential thinkers than James Engel and William Dyrness in the evangelical missionary enterprise would be difficult. So when they say that the missionary movement is badly off track and needs to rethink its core assumptions, the rest of us can’t help noticing. Engel is a missions marketing expert, founder of Development Associates International, and creator of the Engel Scale describing the process of evangelism. Dyrness, of Fuller Theological Seminary, has written Learning About Theology from the Third World and other books.

Rethinking “Reached” Nations

The authors call for a “gracious revolution” in missions, warning of dire consequences for those who fail to climb aboard the postmodern bandwagon. “When the Great Commission is properly conceived as making disciples, it should then become apparent that disciple-making is a process that will continue until Christ returns,” they write. “In other words, the Great Commission can never be fulfilled, and we are doing a great disservice when we declare any part of the world to have been reached” (authors’ emphases).

They are, of course, right about the slippery topic of “reached” nations. According to Patrick Johnstone, only 2.8 percent of the 515 million people of Europe, historically a “Christian” continent, are evangelicals. Thus, if Europe ever was reached, it certainly is not now.

Or take Rwanda, where 80 percent of the people claim to be Christian but where discipleship was little in evidence during the genocide of April 1994.

There is much to commend Engel and Dyrness for in this book, although much of the content seems to be a restatement from earlier Engel works. They rightly caution churches and missions not to be seduced by a modernistic mindset (although, curiously, they do not display the same fear of postmodernism). They decry the West’s penchant for “managerial missiology,” which for them boils down to measuring spiritual outcomes, as the ad2000 and Beyond Movement has been accused of doing in its eagerness to present the gospel to the approximately 1,500 people groups considered unreached.

Overstating their case, however, they charge that “the redefinition of the Great Commission to a measurable objective of maximizing numbers of converts and church members has emasculated Christ’s imperative to make disciples in all nations.”

Yes, the ad2000 Movement undoubtedly cut corners in the race to meet its artificial deadline, but who can fail to rejoice over the millions of people mobilized for world missions and brought into Christ’s kingdom as a result?

Changing the Mind of Missions could have used more editing. The warmed-over and fictitious scenario of the enlightenment of Global Harvest Mission and First Church of Rollingwood in abandoning the old missions paradigm in favor of the new adds nothing. A case study of real people and organizations would have been much more convincing.

Engel and Dyrness argue that missions today must be centered in the local church, saying the church “is both the message and the medium expressing the fullness of the reign of Christ.”

Yet this is not as easy as the authors imply. Missionaries, ideally, are sent to places where there is no church, and inexperienced churches that send people to these areas without the help of experts do so at their peril. At the Lausanne Congress in 1974, Ralph Winter argued that 2.7 billion of the world’s people could not be won to Christ by “near-neighbor evangelism.”

In short, some areas simply do not have a Christian presence by which their inhabitants might be won to Christ. Thus, missionaries (even Western ones) are still needed.

While rightly highlighting the key role of God in salvation, Engel and Dyrness seem to downplay the difficulty of the task. “In this kingdom paradigm of world missions, those we consider to be unreached are not viewed as candidates or customers for the gospel,” they write. “Rather, our objective is to invite others, believers and nonbelievers, to join us in a pilgrimage to discover the reality of a risen Lord.” Does this seem a viable approach to reach millions of resistant Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists?

Then again, Engel and Dyrness seem to be in no hurry. They say that “The existence of a need in and of itself does not signify a call to ministry” (authors’ emphasis). Perhaps that is why the book makes no mention of the eternal destiny of the lost, or why the authors advocate an “eternal timetable” for setting ministry priorities, apparently overlooking Christ’s command to pray for workers to be sent into a field ready for harvest. Seeing a need may not determine one’s call, but it is often a critical element.

Perhaps this blind spot has occurred because they have started on the wrong foot. Engel and Dyrness write that Jesus’ words in Luke 4:18-19 (which quotes Isa. 61:1-2) constitute his personal “mission statement”:

The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has sent me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom to the prisoners and recovery of sight to the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.

“If this defines his agenda, it also must define ours,” they write. Jesus clearly was concerned with physical blindness, poverty, and imprisonment, but even more so with their spiritual manifestations (see John 9:39). As Andreas Kostenberger demonstrated in The Missions of Jesus and the Disciples According to the Fourth Gospel (Eerdmans, 1998), the Lord’s followers are not necessarily called to do the same works he did. And is a socially slanted focus on Luke 4:18-19 really warranted, since “preaching” and “proclaiming” are integral parts of the text, and since Jesus himself described the purpose of his coming in various ways (see, for example, Mark 1:38, 10:45; Luke 19:10)?

Engel and Dyrness decry the “specious dichotomy” drawn today between evangelism and social transformation, overlooking the many hospitals, orphanages, and microenterprise programs founded by missionaries and evangelists down through the centuries. The gospel has been the greatest force for social transformation in the history of the world. It was William Carey, the “father of modern missions,” who two centuries ago translated the Hindu classics, started India’s first newspaper, and stood against the Hindu practice of sati, or widow-burning.

Body and Soul

Engel and Dyrness are correct in their call for a stronger emphasis on discipleship. But they seemingly dismiss as an old, modernistic paradigm any understanding of missions that gives evangelism first priority. The authors, however, say comparatively little about the apostle Paul, whose primary focus was on preaching good news.

No one will dispute that God calls us to love our neighbor in practical ways, but what could be more loving than sharing news that can change a person’s life, both now and for eternity?

Jesus certainly would put evangelism ahead of social ministry, if a choice must be made—and he did. To a crowd of people seeking a meal, he gave a sermon instead (John 6). “What good will it be for a man,” he asked, “if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul?” (Matt. 16:26a)

Sometimes that painful choice between body and soul must be made. Meredith Long of World Relief has acknowledged that evangelism can upset the trust that development professionals try to build when introducing projects in non-Christian areas.

“When a group of untouchables declare themselves as followers of Christ, trust within the community often begins to dissipate, especially where conversion is a highly charged political issue,” Long says. In that case, then, shouldn’t the priority be on souls?

It’s not only what Engel and Dyrness say that causes concern, but what they don’t. Advocating their “kingdom paradigm” of mission, they seem unaware how much they sound like the liberals before them, for whom mission is “everything the church is called to do”—everything, that is, except evangelism. Liberals did not start out that way, for the most part.

No, Engel and Dyrness have not given up on the need for spiritual regeneration, but their followers might. Doing evangelism along with other good works has been a perennial struggle for Christian relief and development agencies. Let us hope it does not become one for missions agencies.

Stan Guthrie is associate news editor of CT and author of Missions in the Third Millennium: 21 Key Trends for the 21st Century (Paternoster, 2000).

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

Changing the Mind of Missions is available at ChristianBook.com and other resources.

Stan Guthrie’s Missions in the Third Millennium is hard to get a copy of—it’s not even on the U.S. Amazon.com—but you can order it through the U.K. Amazon and Paternoster Publishing.

In his Pastors.com newsletter, Rick Warren called Changing the Mind of Missions “a major disappointment. What’s wrong? The authors’ misperceptions about missions! I agree with Ralph Winter that this is one of the worst missions books ever.”

InterVarsity Press, meanwhile, offers the book’s table of contents, an excerpt, and endorsement “blurbs.”

The Evangelism and Missions Information Service of the Billy Graham Center offers several excellent publications about missions.

David Barrett’s Global Evangelization Movement site has a fascinating page on the “Status of Global Mission, 2001, in context of 20th and 21st centuries.”

Ideas

Slouching into Sloth

Columnist; Contributor

The XFL is but the latest sign of the coarsening of our culture

In February Americans were introduced to the newest sports sensation: XFL. Eighteen million people tuned in to NBC for the new football league’s opening night. Considering all the players are NFL rejects, that is an astonishing figure; it is also a disquieting sign of the continued coarsening of American culture.

XFL is the brainchild of Vince McMahon of the World Wrestling Federation, and he’s promising to do for football what he did for wrestling. For those who care about civility, it sounds more like a threat. Why? Because the x in XFL stands for extreme, as in extreme violence, sex, and “attitude.”

The “attitude”—the deliberate flouting of authority and convention—was established by none other than Jesse Ventura and other celebrities promoting the new league on NBC. The game opens not with the traditional coin toss, but with a mad scramble for the ball, making it the only sport in which you can get knocked out before the game even starts. Players openly use four-letter vulgarities—words easily recognizable despite being bleeped out.

As with wrestling, sex is big. Buxom cheerleaders dispense with pom-poms and plunge into the stands, dancing suggestively with fans while the TV cameras roll. Adding vice to vulgarity, McMahon says he will ask cheerleaders if their sexual relationships with players are hampering the guys’ performance on the field.

Ironically, the same week the XFL debuted, the Kaiser Family Foundation released findings from its study of sex on TV: 68 percent of all prime-time programming, and 84 percent of situation comedies, contain sexual content; 10 percent offer “strong suggestions” of sexual intercourse.

The coarsening of our culture is evident in our discourse as well. For example, news journals defer to our sensitivities, not by omitting vulgarities, as they once did, but by using three dashes after the first letter of offensive words. Really clever. Over the water cooler at work or in school corridors, no one seems embarrassed anymore by conversations sprinkled with four-letter words.

Nowhere is this coarsening more evident than in our dress. I’m used to being an anachronism—the only person on an airplane wearing a coat and tie. Yes, I know business is going casual. But T-shirts stretched over protruding bellies, shorts exposing hairy legs, and toes sprouting out of sandals are not casual—they’re slovenly. And you see it more and more on airplanes, in restaurants, and even in church.

How we present ourselves to others says something about how we view ourselves. When I was a Marine, we checked our spit-shined shoes and starched khakis in a full-length mirror before leaving the barracks; it was drilled into us that if we were to be sharp we had to look sharp. That’s the right kind of pride, the antidote to sloth.

The sin of sloth, as the late British journalist Henry Fairlie wrote in The Seven Deadly Sins, is “a state of dejection that gives rise to torpor of mind and feeling and spirit; to a sluggishness. … a poisoning of the will; to despair, faintheartedness, and even desirousness. … even for what is good. … sloth is a deadly sin.”

How have we arrived at this state? In his A Study of History, the great historian Arnold Toynbee contends that one clear sign of a civilization’s decline is when élites—people Toynbee labels the “dominant minority”—begin mimicking the vulgarity and promiscuity exhibited by society’s bottom-dwellers. This is precisely what some political leaders and most media moguls have done. The result: The entire culture is vulgarized.

Christians need to be conscious of the subtle ways in which our culture is sinking into sloth. We must resist the slide by creating strong countercultural influences. We can start by elevating our own standards in speech and dress. One good place to start is in our worship services. I realize that casual is “in” for contemporary services—but “casual” should be decorous.

Second, we should cultivate higher tastes. Christian art and music should not mimic even the styles of their degraded secular counterparts.

The apostle Paul could not have imagined, sitting in a Roman jail cell, how appropriate his words to the church in Philippi would be for Christians 2,000 years later: “Whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy, think about such things.”

Nothing less than thinking about such things and acting upon them can rescue our culture from slouching into sloth.

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

See Colson’s earlier commentary against the XFL for his BreakPoint radio broadcast, “The XFL: Sex, Attitude, and Bad Football.”

For more on the XFL, see Yahoo’s full coverage area.

Charles Colson’s columns for Christianity Today are available at our site, including:

Checks and (out of) Balance | Moral truth is in jeopardy when the courts enter the business of making law. (Feb. 27, 2001)

Pander Politics | Poll-driven elections turn voters into self-seeking consumers.(Jan. 3, 2001)

Neighborhood Outpost | Changing a culture takes more than politics. (Nov.8, 2000)

MAD No More | In this post-Cold War era, it’s time to rethink our nation’s defensive strategy. (Sept. 27, 2000)

Salad-Bar Christianity | Too many believers pick and choose their own truths. (Aug. 8, 2000)

A Healthy ‘Cult’ | A lively response by one unusual audience shows how God’s power transforms culture. (June 12, 2000)

The Court’s In Session | Are Christians ready to make their case? (April 25, 2000)

The Ugly Side of Tolerance | How to be offensive without really trying. (March 2, 2000)

Beating the Odds | Christians in two states defeat gambling by exposing its harmful effects on the poor. (Jan. 4, 2000)

Scout’s Dishonor | The judge told the Scouts just what their oath meant—and didn’t mean. (Nov. 15, 1999)

What Are We Doing Here? | (Oct. 4, 1999)

Unfair Use Alleged

Religious groups fight Internet copyright abuses.

Like Napster patrons who downloaded music without paying for it, those who spread unauthorized versions of religious texts via the Internet face determined opposition from the groups that hold the copyrights.

The Philadelphia Church of God (PCG), a splinter group, is asking the U.S. Supreme Court to order that the Worldwide Church of God (WCG) release control of the book Mystery of the Ages. The WCG, which joined the National Association of Evangelicals in 1997, has repudiated the teachings of that book. It has been trying to prevent the PCG from selling the book, written by the late WCG founder, Herbert W. Armstrong.

The PCG, based in Edmond, Oklahoma, has aggressively promoted Mystery of the Ages via a television program and has taken orders for it on a Web site. PCG has also offered a copyright version of another Armstrong book, The United States and Britain in Prophecy. That book advances the theory of British Israelism, identifying Great Britain and the United States as home to people who traced their lineage to the so-called lost tribes of Israel. The current WCG leadership has rejected British Israelism as unbiblical.

In a different matter, the First Church of Christ, Scientist, mother church of the Christian Science movement, is spending $50 million over five years to build a library for the published and unpublished writings of founder Mary Baker Eddy. The library is part of a strategy to extend the church's control of Eddy's writings. (Current copyright law will extend protection for 45 years if the unpublished Eddy items are placed in the library.)

The action follows the church's legal effort to halt the retail sale of two volumes of "collecteana" by and about Eddy that have been distributed widely for nearly 50 years. "It had to do with the Web," First Church attorney David Bort told CT. "People began to advertise these books [for sale] in a way that had not been [done] before."

"This is a struggle between authority and popular movements," said Brenda E. Brasher, an assistant professor in the Department of Religion and Philosophy at Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio, and author of Give Me That Online Religion (Jossey-Bass, 2001). "The Internet brings a new factor into this. It's a global bulletin board. The authorities are saying 'bad, bad, bad' and turning to the Internet to root out unauthorized use [of copyright texts]."

Suits over dissemination of copyright material—some involving the Internet—are far from new in religious circles. The Church of Scientology has aggressively pursued those who post its secret teachings online.

The Norwegian branch of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of New York filed criminal charges against ex-Jehovah's Witnesses Kent Steinhaug and Jan Haugland of Norway in 1997. The charges alleged that Steinhaug and Haugland posted copies of Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock, a confidential manual for elders. The charges were later dropped, and the volume is still available online.

A judge issued an injunction last year against an evangelical group, Utah Lighthouse Ministries, prohibiting it from posting a confidential article on how members in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) can remove themselves from LDS church rolls (CT, March 6, 2000, p. 23).

A settlement in November 2000 protected the posting of links to Web sites that might contain copyright material.

Distribution Suppressed

The WCG case attracted national attention, including a front-page Wall Street Journal article. In September 2000, federal judges in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled on a 2-1 vote that Armstrong legally willed his copyright of Mystery of the Ages to the WCG, which could restrict its distribution. The court majority said that despite the WCG action to suppress the book, PCG could not claim fair use in reprinting the entire book. Because they now believe Mystery of the Ages is "riddled with error," WCG officials say they feel a Christian duty to withhold the book.

The significance of the WCG ruling has grown in recent months after the Ninth Circuit cited its own ruling in another case. In its finding that Napster, the online music-sharing service, was allowing copyrights to be violated, the Ninth Circuit said: "Repeated and exploitative copying of copyrighted works, even if the copies are not offered for sale, may constitute a commercial use" that can be blocked under copyright laws.

Joseph Tkach Jr., pastor general of the WCG, told CT that should the U.S. Supreme Court refuse to hear the PCG's appeal, WCG lawyers will go after several overseas Web sites that post the complete text of Mystery of the Ages.

Sources close to the PCG legal team, who requested anonymity, said the Ninth Circuit's denial of PCG's claims threatened the "Betamax" Supreme Court decision, which permitted duplication of some copyright works (television programs) under certain circumstances.

The Christian Science Church also acknowledges that the explosion of the Internet has in part motivated its efforts to gain additional protection for Eddy's writings by creating the library.

Stephen Danzansky, executive officer of the Mary Baker Eddy Library for the Betterment of Humanity, says the library's materials would be available for public access, but not for wholesale copying and distribution (which are now easier through the Internet).

"The law is catching up to the technology as it always does," Danzansky told CT. "Everybody's in the same boat when it comes to the Web. It makes you think about how to assure these protections."

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

In 1996, Christianity Today briefly examined the many religious criticism sites online.

The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals September 2000 ruling (PDF | HTML) for the Worldwide Church of God is online, but the district court's order to stop distributing Mystery of the Ages is apparently no longer available.

Mystery of the Ages is still online at a variety of sites, including A Voice Cried Out.

Christianity Today's Weblog took note of the WCG decision when it was released.

Christianity Today's other coverage of the Worldwide Church of God includes:

From the Fringe to the Fold | How the Worldwide Church of God discovered the plain truth of the gospel. (July 15, 1996)

Splinter Groups Dismiss Leaders (Mar. 2, 1998)

Worldwide Church of God Joins NAE (June 16, 1997)

Christianity Today also covered the Utah Lighthouse Ministry's battle for its Web site.

The Utah Lighthouse Ministry site offers an area all about the lawsuit, including the complete settlement.

Kent Steinhaug's Watchtower Observer, which was sued by Norwegian Jehovah's Witnesses, has information about the suit.

Pay Attention to Yourselves and to All the Flock is still available at many sites. (And one great thing about the Web is that even if a controversial document disappears, it doesn't necessarily disappear altogether.)

In 1999, Salon.com profiled Scientology's war on the Web. Many other similararticles abound online. Meanwhile, Operation Clambake and other sites offer secret Scientology documents.

Homosexuality: Presbyterians Vote Down Same-Sex Prohibition

Opponents say vague wording led to defeat

A majority of Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) presbyteries have voted down an amendment that would have placed an iron-clad prohibition on same-sex unions into the PCUSA constitution.

Unofficial tallies after seven presbyteries voted March 13 showed the amendment trailing 63 to 87. Since then, 14 more presbyteries have voted, leaving the unofficial tally Wednesday at 71 to 93. Nine presbyteries have yet to report votes.

The proposed Amendment O would have added a new section to The Book of Order that would have reaffirmed heterosexual marriage or chastity for singles as church standards, and prohibited church officers from taking part in, or church property being used for, any ceremonial event that violates those standards.

“We are left now with a very confused situation, an ambiguous witness,” said Joe Rightmyer, executive director of Presbyterians for Renewal, which supported the amendment. Despite the defeat of Amendment O, a recent Presbyterian Panel poll indicates that a majority of Presbyterians favors a ban on same-sex unions in the PCUSA.

Opponents of the measure argue that it is so vaguely worded as to possibly proscribe other ceremonies, such as baptisms, funerals, and the Lord’s Supper for same-sex couples; that it is unnecessary because The Book of Order already defines marriage as between a man and a woman; and that it unduly infringes upon the rights of pastors and sessions to decide such matters.

Rightmyer called those concerns unintended consequences and said he believes fears about them contributed to the amendment’s defeat.

Copyright © 2001 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.

Related Elsewhere

This is an edited version of the full Presbyterian News Service article.

Presbyweb, a weblog/news site, has been reporting the vote and posting other articles related to Amendment O with near-obsessive vigilance.

The Christianity Today Weblog noted the vote in its March 15 edition.

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