Many preachers are taught a well-organized sermon requires a clear preview and review. Tell the audience what you will say, say it, and then tell them what you said.
Hogwash.
I can’t think of a more tedious way to communicate the Good News than to sap it of all intrigue.
Movies, novels, stories, even jokes—every effective communication medium uses suspense as part of its appeal. Every one, that is, except the sermon. In an effort to be clear and concise, many sermon writers have jettisoned the element of suspense, leaving their outlines with all the wonder of a dishwasher instruction manual.
Suspense keeps listeners involved. Who walks away from a joke half-told? Anticipa-tion of the punch line grips the listeners. Yet people routinely tune out in the middle of sermons. Why?
There’s no suspense.
Master storytellers can speak much longer than a preacher, yet maintain the rapt attention of their audience. Garrison Keillor, for example, knows how to keep the audience hooked by “letting out” his story one incident at a time. He doesn’t announce what a story will be about, who will be involved, or how it will end.
You don’t need to be as gifted as Garrison Keillor to make good use of suspense in preaching. Suspense is simply the withholding of information followed by its strategic release. As the word implies, it’s a “suspending” of the communication process. Incorporating a variety of tension and release moments involves the listeners, intellectually and emotionally, throughout the message.
We can learn the art of suspense from storytellers, but be warned: their lessons may contradict what the experts taught you.
Don’t say too much
Preachers often structure their sermons like an academic lecture—three bullet-points and an illustration for each. Thinking of the sermon as a story, however, creates the potential for building suspense. I don’t mean adding stories to the sermon. I mean thinking of the entire sermon as a story, a novel slowly unwinding.
Stories build suspense because the ending is withheld. So look at your sermon. Is anything being withheld? Or are you giving away the ending too early? Like a good novelist, a pastor who conceals a plot twist captures the listener.
Even familiar passages become riveting when given a suspenseful twist. For example, if the first half of a sermon on the Golden Rule from Matthew 7 stresses not the “do unto others” part, but instead the importance of knowing your own needs, you can raise the possibility that this teaching of Jesus sounds self-centered. That’s the idea. It’s part of the suspense.
After making the case for knowing your needs, the preacher can throw in the sudden plot twist. “Now that you’ve discovered how to identify your needs, realize Jesus’ purpose was not for you to get them met, but for you to meet that need in someone else. Your own needs are the seeds for serving others.”
The sermon that announces instead, “Today, we’ll examine how to identify our needs in order to discern the needs of others,” squanders the opportunity to keep the listeners baited for the application. The simple suspending of the communication process is more likely to keep listeners’ attention.
Oddly enough, it is possible for a sermon to be too clear. Jesus was willing to trade clarity for mystery, knowing a mystified person will be more affected by the truth than a bored one.
In John 16:16, at the Last Supper, Jesus teases his disciples with “In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me.” His message is cryptic. He lets the disciples turn that teaching over in their heads and speculate about what he might mean.
“Some of his disciples said to one another, ‘What does he mean by saying, “In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me,” and “Because I am going to the Father”?’ They kept asking, ‘What does he mean by “a little while”? We don’t understand what he is saying'” (John 16:17-18). He waits until they’re really hungry for answers before he offers his meaning.
Long before cultural gurus were analyzing postmodern thinking process and concluding that people don’t want to be told all the answers, Jesus was cultivating questions in the minds of his hearers. Gnawing questions led them to pursue answers. May we be as subtle, and as bold.
Jesus also avoided a common pitfall that saps suspense from many sermons. His preaching struck images that made his audience acutely uncomfortable. He issued strong warnings laced with hyperbole. Yet today’s sermons are often so balanced and innocuous that few can protest. Scarcely does a strong statement slip from a preacher’s lips before he begins back-pedaling and explaining away its power.
When preaching about the prosperity of the righteous from Psalm 1, we could balance it right away by acknowledging that Scripture does not promise constant prosperity, but that would rob the message of its suspense.
If instead, we preach uncompromisingly about how God does bless the righteous, a tension fills the room. People wrestle with the idea, examine their theology against their experience, and wonder how the preacher intends to apply this teaching. And isn’t the goal of preaching to cause people to wrestle and examine and apply?
Once the issue has been successfully framed, then it can be counter-balanced if necessary. “Now at this point some of you are thinking, Wait a minute. It doesn’t always work that way … “
Suspenseful preaching allows Scripture to make strong statements without dousing them too quickly. Audiences need to squirm a little under the heat.
The sound of symbols
A sermon doesn’t have to be simply an auditory experience. The more sensory experiences built into the sermon, the more engaging it becomes. After all, Jesus said, “Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” And when they brought him a denarius, he asked, “Whose portrait is this? And whose inscription?” (Matt. 22:19-20).
Can you imagine the curiosity asking for a coin aroused? Jesus had their undivided attention.
I recently started a sermon with a battered, old chair to the left of the pulpit. It was there throughout the worship, leaving people to wonder who forgot to take out the trash. But when it came time to preach on God’s passion for restoring broken-down lives, I had the visual cue right beside me. The tension, which had been building since I started, was released.
Many pastors are realizing that object lessons are no longer just for Sunday school. But if we wait to bring out the prop until it’s needed, we’ve missed an opportunity to utilize suspense.
I started another sermon with a Styrofoam cup and a hand-crafted ceramic mug sitting on top of the pulpit. I offered no explanation for their presence. Later in the sermon, I used the cup to illustrate a mass-produced object designed only for temporary use. The hand-made mug demonstrated the lasting value of God’s individual workmanship. I challenged the congregation not to be Styrofoam Christians. Instead I called them to demonstrate the creativity and thumbprint of the Potter.
A final tool for preaching with suspense is the sermon title. Typically, this is the congregation’s first glimpse of the message. If they see “Five Ways to Improve Your Marriage” or “God’s Passion for Good Marriages,” they already know the topic and tone, and can probably guess what the conclusion will be. Little curiosity is aroused.
On the other hand, a title like “What Marriage Seminars Will Never Teach You” starts to build suspense before the preacher utters a word. A suspenseful title leaves people wondering what they might miss if they don’t “tune in” on Sunday.
From the cover, to the illustrations, to the plot itself, a suspenseful story captures attention and imagination. Suspense in a sermon can do the same.
Say It With Flowers … and IV Bags
Preaching with props can build suspense.
- Choose something intriguing. A wooden cross, while applicable to suffering, won’t generate much suspense. But an IV bag suspended from its holder will.
- Use commonplace items. If the prop is too dramatic, it may compete with your preaching, not complement it. A motorcycle on stage, for example, can become bigger than the point and drown out the message.
- Allow time for people to notice it. Whether you start the service with the prop visible or reveal it later, allow time for curiosity to build.
- Make sure the illustration is clear. A bad connection between the item and your point will make the whole thing seem gimmicky.
- Add variety. A prop every week becomes redundant. Use other visual and creative elements like drama or video. And if you use drama, incorporate the set and props in your message. Leaving them on the platform allows you to unpack the drama in the sermon.
—Dave McClellan
Copyright © 2002 by the author or Christianity Today,/Leadership journal. Click here for reprint information on Leadership.
