Few books land in virtually every executive’s briefcase, as “The One Minute Manager” did when it appeared. The book stayed on “The New York Times” Bestseller List for more than two years because it offered practical advice on three critical areas of leadership: goals, praisings, and reprimands.
Its co-author, Ken Blanchard, earned his doctorate in educational administration and leadership from Cornell. He has been a consultant and trainer with Chevron, Lockheed, AT&t, and other major corporations.
What few know about Blanchard is his more-recent commitment to Christianity. In “We Are the Beloved: A Spiritual Journey,” he talks about “‘suiting up’—deliberately accepting on faith God’s unconditional love for us as manifested in his gift of grace.”
Leadership met with Blanchard at his offices in Escondido, California, to find out how church leaders can create lasting, effective change. Asking the questions was Ed Ernsting, pastor of Green River Baptist Church in Auburn, Washington, and executive director of The Christian Leadership Center.
Leadership: The main reason pastors are forced to leave a church is “conflicting visions for the church.” How can a pastor match his or her vision for the church with the congregation’s?
Blanchard: It’s easier to match your vision with the church’s when you create a church, like Rick Warren did here in Orange County and Bill Hybels did outside of Chicago. The pastor creates the vision and then invites members who want to buy into the vision.
It’s more difficult in churches that have been around. Many churches don’t know what business they’re in; they try to be all things to all people. When the pastor creates a vision, it can go against the vision of the people who hold power. Then the pastor gets fired.
I have been working with a minister in San Diego who has the potential to turn around a church, but it will be difficult. The older crowd wants hymns; the baby boomers want different kinds of messages. Especially in that situation, I’m not sure a minister can pull a vision from the crowd. Moses didn’t go up the hill with a committee; if he had, he would never have come down.
My advice to ministers: be clear about the vision.
Leadership: How do you develop a vision?
Blanchard: The first secret is to decide what you want. What’s your vision of perfection? Every great organization I know has somebody at the top who has a clear vision of perfection and is willing to put it to work.
If reporters came to your church because of the excitement there, what would they see? What would the youth see? What would the members see? What would the staff see? What would this church be like?
Determining that takes time, something many pastors feel a shortage of.
A woman was saying to me yesterday, “In America, we don’t value thinking.” If people walked by the office here and saw the two of us talking, they wouldn’t interrupt. But if they walked by and I was sitting alone, they’d knock. They’d assume I’m not doing anything. We don’t legitimize thinking.
Most people have a sign on their desk that says, DON’T just sit there, do something. What they need is a sign that says, DON’T just do something, sit there. We need to think things through, create a strategy and a plan, and stick with it.
Leadership: How much do you involve the congregation in setting the vision?
Blanchard: It’s important to find out what the congregation wants. But notice that this is second. In business, a lot of people say, “Why wouldn’t you first see what the customers want?” Well, because the customers don’t have the big picture.
Every time you get a suggestion from the congregation, you see where it fits into your picture. The reality is, you can’t include everything in your picture. For example, you cannot get a tablecloth and candlelight at McDonald’s. It’s not part of their vision. Some would ask, “Wouldn’t McDonald’s want to attract everybody who is going out for dinner tonight?” No, if they tried to attract everybody, they’d get nobody.
After you create a vision, the people will probably want to tweak it, but they’re not going to change it significantly. If the first person says, “Yeah, but you didn’t think of this,” and you snap back, communicating, “This is a closed deal,” you’re in trouble. The biggest problem in implementing change is when you think, “If it wasn’t invented by me, it’s not worth considering.”
Leadership: You’ve worked with various religious groups. What are your impressions of churches?
Blanchard: When I worked with Bill Hybels, he said, “Blanchard, don’t start acting as if you know a lot about churches. What you really know about is businesses.” So I’m not going to act as if I know a lot about churches, because I don’t spend a lot of time studying churches or working in them.
But in my experience, too often, congregations in this country spend time fighting other congregations; the ministers end up talking about what’s happening at, say, the Presbyterian church. They don’t talk about grace, and without grace, what is Christianity all about? At all the growing Christian churches I’ve seen, every single Sunday—not just Easter—the minister talks about grace.
I asked Peter Drucker, who’s my guru and one of the great thinkers of the world, “Why are you a Christian?”
He said, “There is no better deal.”
I said, “What do you mean?”
He said, “Who else has grace?”
Leadership: You’ve said that managing the journey of change is more important than announcing the destination. How can a pastor better manage that journey in the local church?
Blanchard: Often we announce a destination: “Here’s a vision; here’s what I want to do.” Then we use a delegating leadership style and don’t roll up our sleeves and get in there.
I asked Don Shula, “What are your goals next year?”
He said, “I think goal setting is overrated.”
“What do you mean?”
He said, “Well, everybody in professional football has a similar goal. If they’ve got halfway decent players, they want to win the playoffs. If they’ve got good players, they want to win the Super Bowl. So I haven’t won more games because I’ve got better goals. I’ve won more games because I’m willing to roll up my sleeves and do whatever it takes to make it happen.”
That’s what managing the journey is. Sure, it’s coming up with the vision and the direction, but then the vision must be implemented: coaching, supporting, giving directions, praising progress, and redirecting.
Leadership: Can you think of a leader who has done this well?
Blanchard: Jesus. I told Tom Peters and Robert Waterman, who wrote In Search of Excellence, “You didn’t invent management by wandering around. Jesus did.”
He wandered from one little town to another, and people would say, “How do you become first?” Jesus said, “By being last.”
People would ask him, “How do you lead?” “By following.”
How many people do you know who go to their boss’s house for dinner and the boss says, “Take off your shoes and socks and let me wash your feet”?
Managing the journey of change is servant leadership. We must get our egos out of the way and praise, redirect, reprimand—anything it takes to help people win.
Leadership: What makes an organization resistant to change?
Blanchard: I think it’s familiarity, getting comfortable with the way things are.
Also, most leaders of change don’t understand the concerns people have when they go through change.
Their first concern is for information—”Tell me what you’ve got in mind; let me ask questions about it.”
The second concern is personal—”Will I be able to survive? Where am I going to fit in?”
The third concern is implementation—”Okay, now I know what you are talking about, and I think maybe I can live with it. How is it going to be done?”
The fourth concern is impact—”What’s the impact? What’s the benefit?”
Notice that not until the first three concerns are answered do people care about the benefits. That means a leader cannot announce a change and explain its benefits and expect people to support the change.
Leadership: How can a pastor begin to address people’s concerns?
Blanchard: Realize that when you ask people to do something different, they focus on what they have to give up, not on what they are going to gain.
I went into several divisions of AT&t just before it broke apart into seven companies. The chairman was talking about all the great benefits—more entrepreneurial activity, more initiative. But nobody was giving the employees a chance to deal with the loss. So we created “mourning” sessions and brought in crying towels and let people talk about what they were giving up, which was a lot—prestige, lifetime employment, status.
If you let people talk honestly about their concerns, though, often the concerns go away.
Leadership: Is a church more or less likely to change than other organizations?
Blanchard: In the past, churches were less likely to change; they had no competition. Today, that’s more of a problem for schools—there’s no competition. If people live in the neighborhood, they go to the local school.
Today, churches are competing for people’s time and attention. In the old days, the religion you were born into, you stayed in for life. It’s not that way anymore.
Leadership: Is a volunteer organization more difficult to lead than, say, a business?
Blanchard: People argue that, but with the mobility of today’s work force, we’re dealing with volunteers in every organization.
What are the most important qualities of a leader?
They’ve done tons of research over the years and found there are no constant ones—except for integrity. The qualities needed in a leader depend on the situation.
I’ve come to think more and more that leadership is not something you do to people, it’s something you do with them. Leadership is more of a partnership; unless the follower is willing to follow, you don’t have much leadership.
Leadership: How should pastors relate to board members—employee to employer, leader to follower, or friend to friend?
Blanchard: It depends on the structure of the board. If the board has hiring and firing capability, you work for them. Your job is to figure out what their needs are and to satisfy them.
It’s important to understand whether a board member is high on dominance, influence, steadiness, or compliance—as the DISC instrument measures. Board members high on dominance fear losing control. If you know that, you can battle the person appropriately.
A person who scores high on influence fears rejection. Such people are not going to give you a hard time because they want you to think they are good people.
The High S person—steadiness—fears change. They’d like the church to stay the way it is.
Board members high on C, compliance, fear having work criticized.
A very important trait for a minister dealing with a board is not to need to be right. You’re crazy if you get into a win-lose confrontation with key board members. My experience is, the people who get fired let their egos eat their brains.
Jesus knew he was right, but he didn’t waste a lot of time proving it. He didn’t get into a lot of win-lose confrontations, even with those who wanted to kill him.
Leadership: Is vision overrated?
Blanchard: I don’t think it is. But vision alone can’t get it done. Too often we spend all our time on vision and none on implementation. At some point you’ve got to move.
Why don’t New Year’s resolutions work? Because people announce them and then don’t do anything.
Disney Corporation invites their competition to Disneyland to observe and take courses. How do they feel safe doing that? Because they know nobody else will follow through on the vision. People imitate Disney’s rides because they think that is the key. But they miss that the key is follow-through on the details—the friendliness of the staff, the cleanliness of the park.
Follow-through is so important. I asked Max DePree, former chairman of the board of Herman Miller, “What is your role in the vision of your company?”
He said, “The top manager should be like a third grade teacher: You repeat yourself over and over until people get it right.”
Leadership: Why do some organizations change while others don’t?
Blanchard: The question every leader and organization needs to ask is, Are you committed to get better or are you just interested? A lot of people are interested in improving, but they aren’t willing to pay the price.
A person interested in exercise will wake up in the morning and if it’s raining, say, “I’ll exercise tomorrow.” A person committed to exercise gets up in the morning and if it’s raining says, “I’ll exercise inside.”
One secret to developing what I call “raving fans” is to deliver what you promised plus 1 percent. Look at Billy Graham and how he has built his ministry over the years. That’s someone who has been committed to improvement. He has demonstrated sustained excellence.
Terri Johnson told Peters and Waterman, “You didn’t invent management by wandering around. Jesus did.”
1996 Christianity Today/LEADERSHIP Journal
